Unit 5 Topic 3

Question 1

Who was Geogor Mendel?

Answer 1

Mendel was an
Austrian monk who
experimented on pea
plants and discovered
the basic principles of
heredity

Question 2

Why did Mendel decided to study pea plants?

Answer 2

Many varieties,Controlled mating,Relatively short
generation time

Question 3

How did Mendel track the pea plants characteristics?

Answer 3

Mendel only tracked characteristics that came in two
distinct forms: Examples: Color (purple or white) Seed shape (round or wrinkled) To help control his experiments, he used true
breeding plants

Question 4

What is true breeding?

Answer 4

True breeding: organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self pollination Example: true breeding purple pea plants will
only produce purple offspring with self pollination

Question 5

What is P- generation?

Answer 5

P generation: true-breeding
parental generation

Question 6

What is F1 generation?

Answer 6

F1 generation: (first filial)
hybrid offspring of P
generation

Question 8

Define allele.

Answer 8

An alternative form of a gene that can exist at a specific locus.

Question 9

True or false: Homozygous individuals have two identical alleles for a trait.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

Fill in the blank: A phenotype is the observable ______ of an organism.

Answer 10

characteristics

Question 11

What is a genotype?

Answer 11

The genetic constitution of an organism, represented by alleles.

Question 12

Define dominant allele.

Answer 12

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Question 13

True or false: Recessive alleles are only expressed in homozygous conditions.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Punnett squares are used to predict ______ outcomes.

Answer 14

genetic

Question 15

What does Mendel’s Law of Segregation state?

Answer 15

Alleles segregate during gamete formation, resulting in offspring receiving one allele from each parent.

Question 16

Define homozygous dominant.

Answer 16

An individual with two identical dominant alleles for a trait.

Question 17

True or false: Incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

Fill in the blank: In a dihybrid cross, two traits are ______.

Answer 18

considered

Question 19

What is codominance?

Answer 19

A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed.

Question 20

Define test cross.

Answer 20

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.

Question 21

True or false: Linked genes are inherited independently.

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Epistasis occurs when one gene ______ the expression of another.

Answer 22

masks

Question 23

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 23

A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of a single trait.

Question 24

Define sex-linked traits.

Answer 24

Traits associated with genes located on sex chromosomes.

Question 25

True or false: **Polygenic inheritance** involves multiple genes affecting a single trait.

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

Fill in the blank: **Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment** states that genes segregate ______.

Answer 26

independently

Question 27

What is **pleiotropy**?

Answer 27

A situation where one gene influences multiple phenotypic traits.

Question 28

Define **carrier**.

Answer 28

An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele but does not express the trait.

Question 29

True or false: **Autosomal recessive** traits can skip generations.

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

Fill in the blank: **Multiple alleles** refer to more than two ______ for a gene.

Answer 30

alleles

Question 31

What is **genetic drift**?

Answer 31

A mechanism of evolution that involves random changes in allele frequencies.

Question 32

Define **phenotypic ratio**.

Answer 32

The ratio of different phenotypes produced in offspring from a genetic cross.

Question 33

True or false: **Environmental factors** can influence gene expression.

Answer 33

TRUE