Unit 7 - 10 Functional Groups

Question 1

What are Aromatic Hydrocarbons?

Answer 1

• contain Benzenes

Benzene rings with only 2 branches are given specific prefixes

~ 1, 2 = ortho-
~ 1, 3 = meta-
~ 1, 4 = para-

*prefix “phenyl-“ is used when Benzene is a branch

Question 2

What are Alkyl Halides?

Answer 2

• a Halogen attached to the Hydrocarbon chain

Prefixes:
Fluorine = fluoro-
Chlorine = chloro-
Bromine = bromo-
Iodine = iodo-

Question 3

What are alcohols?

Answer 3

• contains -OH group in compound
• change ending to -ol
• use di, tri, etc. before the -ol to indicate number

Question 4

What are carboxylic acids?

Answer 4

• contain an O=C-OH group
• name Hydrocarbon as usual changing the ending to -ioc acid

Ex. 3-methylbutanOIC ACID

Question 5

What are Amines?

Answer 5

• contain an N with 3 lines going out
• change ending of hydrocarbon to -ylamine or add “AMINO” in front of normal hydrocarbon name
• amino acids contain both an amine and a carboxylic acid

Ex. EthYLAMINE or AMINO ethane

Question 6

What are Esters?

Answer 6

• contain an O=C-O- Group joining 2 Hydrocarbons
• name hydrocarbon with the double bonded oxygen as usual changing the ending to -oate

Ex. Methyl butanOATE

Question 7

What are amides?

Answer 7

• contains a C connected with a double bonded O and an N with 2 H branches
• change hydrocarbon ending to -amide

Ex. ButanAMIDE

Question 8

What are Ethers?

Answer 8

• two hydrocarbon chains joined by an Oxygen atom
• name shorter hydrocarbon with an -oxy ending followed by the longer hydrocarbon

Ex. 3-methyl-1-propOXYbutane

Question 9

What are Aldehydes?

Answer 9

• contain a C connected with a double bonded O and an H

*not to be confused with “OH”

• change ending to -al
• Ex. PropanAL

Question 10

What are Ketones?

Answer 10

• contain a C connected to a double bonded O
• name hydrocarbon giving the location of the oxygen and changing the ending to -one

Ex. 3-pentanONE