1
Q
Long telegram
A
telegram sent by George F. Kennan - american diplomat to Russia - that stated only toughness would work on the Russian fanatics
*this attitude characterized US cold war policy
2
Q
do ww1 and ww2 do anything for civil rights?
A
not much - black veterans were still denied respect BUT randolph’s march on washington + double v campaign did emerge
3
Q
the best years of our lives
A
movie depicting struggles of returning veterans
4
Q
“People to People” campaign
A
campaign to improve the international image of the US
5
Q
national white middle class culture
A
emerged post-ww2 as european immigrants began referring to themselves as “white” and era of conformity grew
6
Q
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940
A
1940 peacetime draft before US got involved in ww2
7
Q
A
8
Q
war bonds
A
used to fund ww2 - seen as PATRIOTIC
9
Q
braceros
A
mexican farmers that took agricultural jobs during ww2
10
Q
william levitt
A
adopted henry ford´s assembly lines to mass produce “identical” suburban homes
11
Q
twin shocks
A
russia’s test of atom bomb + communist takeover of china
*convinced americans that communism was indeed spreading and threatening them
12
Q
nissei
A
2nd generation japanese immigrants
13
Q
elvis presley
A
popular rock n roll musician who combined styles; his sexual style scandalized adults while drawing young fans
14
Q
President Harry Truman
A
Roosevelt’s VP that took over after he died, was inexperienced in foreign policy and gave go ahead for using atomic bombs on Japan
15
Q
taft-hartley act
A
undermined wagner act and limited union power (passed over truman veto)
16
Q
House Un-American Activities Committee
A
create to investigate disloyalty and communist influence of average americans
17
Q
President Dwight D. Eisenhowr
A
34th president of US anr US army general during ww2 - known for moderate politics
18
Q
korematsu v. united states (1944)
A
supreme court case decision that upheld decision for internment
19
Q
how did the US pay for the war?
A
-war bonds/stamps
-income tax
-money we dont have (debt)
20
Q
Third World Countries
A
(unstable) decolonized countries formed after ww2 and toppling of empires; served as proxies during cold war and were valuable to US and USSR
21
Q
eisenhower doctrine
A
US would send military aid to any country in the middle east threatened by communism
22
Q
Winston Churchill
A
British wartime prime minister during WW2
23
Q
alger hiss case
A
nixon accused state department official, Alger Hiss, of espionage and he was convicted
24
Q
Truman doctrine
A
US policy designed to contain the spread of communism in eastern europe
-started with request to aid greece/turkey
25
Formosa Revolution
US supported taiwan but encouraged Jiang Jieshi to withdraw his forces and not attack mainland china
26
John Foster Dulles
secretary of state under eisenhower that wanted communism to be rolled back instead of just contained
27
gender roles POST-ww2
became increasingly traditional as women were kicked out of workforce and veterans returned home
28
growth of the sunbelt
southern and southwestern states that grew economically and attracted many new people postwar
29
yalta conference
allied leaders met to discuss post-war plans
-division of germany/berlin
-creation of UN
-soviet-US relations
30
beat generation
noncomformist writers who critiscized middle class ideals
31
korean war
war between north (russia-backed) and south (US-backed) korea that claimed lives of millions
32
domino theory
eisenhower's theory that if vietnam became communist, smaller neighboring countries would fall too like dominoes
*led to vietnam war
33
Bataan Death March
Japanese marched filipino + american soldiers to prison camps in philippines
34
post ww2 religious revival
church was at the center of suburban culture offered spiritual comfort after ww2
35
how did the economy change during ww2?
helped US recover from depression by stimulating enough wartime jobs to help economy
36
how did war in pacific differ from war in europe?
island hopping
kamikaze attacks
japan propaganda- american devils
37
tv
symbol of middle class, gave people shared experiences
38
38th parallel
border between north and south korea
39
ethel and julius rosenberg
couple accused of passing atomic secrets to soviets and executed
*there was unreleased evidence
40
Suez crisis
britain, israel, and france invaded suez to take down Gamal Abdel Nasser but pulled out when US asked them to
41
Rosie the Riveter
symbol of woman wartime worker - challenged traditional gender roles by encouraging women to join the workforce (even though women went back into home after war)
42
NATO
twelve nation defense treaty that served as a "tripwire" to USSR
43
island hopping
US pacific war strategy where they only took the weak islands aiming to strand the japanese on their islands and cut off supplies
44
1959 kitchen debate
public argument between Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon about whose way of life is better
45
Office of War information (OWI)
US propaganda agency created to "sell the war"
46
1960 U-2 incident
soviets caught a CIA U-2 spyplane and US refused to apologize
47
redbaiting
accusing/persecuting someone of communist affiliation
48
NSC-68
secret report by security council that affirmed need for massive nuclear buildup
49
Manhattan Project
Secret US government program to develop the atomic bomb during ww2
50
who supported japanese internment of the nissei and sansei specifically
those in economic competition with them (japanese immigrants were usually successful)
51
Dr. Spock childcare...
doctor that asserted that women needed to give their full attention to their kids for them to be healthy
52
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
legally ends segregation in schools
-catalyst for shift in perspective even though schools didn't integrate immediately
53
zoot suit riots
mexicans who wore the "zoot suit" were seen as selfishly using cloth for soldiers --> attacked on the street
54
Dr. Alfred Kinsley
his works on human sexuality affirmed that while many condemned sexual misconduct majority engaged in it
55
General Douglas Macarthur
American general of US forces during ww2 in asia and Korean War
56
name for defense department x industries alliance
military-industrial complex
*eisenhower warned against their gaining of power after ww2
57
treaty of detroit
1950 agreement between unions-employees that gave workers benefits and improved their relationship
58
baruch plan- start of nuclear arms race?
US propaganda play stating that the US would only abandon their nuclear arms when global fissionable materials were brought under control of international agency ---> would NOT let soviets continue their program
59
berlin airlift
US and UK effort to bring resources across soviet blockade to West berlin ---> ended blockade and created East Germany
60
authoritarian playbook
1. concentrate power and get rid of dissent
2. deny legitimacy of opponents
3. curtail civil liberties
4. toleration/encouragement of political violence
61
1943 detroit race riot
new wartime jobs prompted many blacks to move up north --> violent race riot in detroit
62
Atlantic charter
agreement between US and Britain that defined Allied war aims and solidified alliance
-"europe first"
-self determination
-peace
63
executive orders for civil rights (1946-1948)
established committee of civil rights
ended segregation of armed forces
64
hitler's ideology
race and space
65
american 442nd regional combat team
all japanese-unit comprised of men from internment camp (prove loyalty)
66
battle of the bulge
final german military offensive against the Allies in belgium
67
potsdam declaration
1945 ultimatum from the allies to japan to unconditionally surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"
68
national liberation front/vietcong
south vietnamese guerilla force supported by n. vietnam during war
69
progressive party
party formed from splintering within the demo party by those dissatisfied with truman - advocated friendliness with USSR, desegregation, ban on monopolies, etc
70
double v campaign
fighting fascism abroad and segregation at home; highlighted America's hypocrisy
71
Joseph McCarthy
wisconsin senator who dishonestly stoked anticommunist hysteria (later discredited publicly)
72
atomic diplomacy
US would use the threat of atomic bombs to scare the soviets into submission; war detterent?
73
Battle of Stalingrad
Bloody battle between Soviet Union and germany; TURNING POINT that put germany on the defensive on the eastern front
74
dixiecrats
political party created in response to progressive party by democratic southerners opposed to civil rights (also demo-party split)
75
D-day
June 6th 1944; allied invasion of normandy beaches, france
76
what event led the US into ww2?
pearl harbor (NOT german aggression)
77
GI bill of rights
issued tuition, loans, unemployment benefits to soften the impact of reintegrating veterans into society
78
function of consumerism...
expressed personality and status in middle class
79
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
created in 1944 (backed by US) to stabilize international trade and finances
80
War production board
US government agency that allocated resources/industries for the war effort
81
McCarthyism
name for anticommunist hysteria in US (named after senator Joseph McCarthy)
82
to secure these rights
committee of civil rights' report
83
crisis of masculinity
fear that men were losing their masculine traits in favor of conformity
84
"arsenal of democracy"
the united states would serve as the arsenal for the allies
-boosted wartime industry
85
Racial bigotry and segregation at home...
revealed US hypocrisy and hindered US foreign relations (especially with third world countries)
86
morgan v. virginia (1946)
declared segregation on buses is unconstitutional
87
white citizen's councils
created to resist integration + create private schoolks
88
dynamic conservatism
conservative when it comes to money but liberal when it comes to people; eisenhower's political ideolgy
89
termination policy
let natives renounce their tribal status and sell their reservation land --> integrated into society
90
mobilization for war did what for the american people after great depression?
put americans back to work
consumer economy ---> wartime economy
91
"Europe First" strategy
US would focus on defeating Germany before Japan
92
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) became a foreign policy instrument to...
protect american interests abroad
(regime change, overthrow of leaders, etc)
93
post ww2 suburbanization
because of baby boom and desire to own a home, many american families moved to suburbs
94
massive retaliation
plan for nuclear obliteration of USSR
95
cold war tensions at yalta conference
US was strongly opposed to USSR's desire to expand their influence in eastern europe
96
National Security Act of 1947
created department of defense, security council, and CIA
97
hollywood ten
10 hollywood writers and directors sent to prison for not cooperating with HUAC -----> lead to massive blacklists by studios afraid of losing credibility
98
marshall plan
massive economic aid to war-torn europe (stimulated american economy and helped widen their influence abroad)
99
operation MAGIC
US ww2 operation to intercept and decode japanese military communications
-did not prevent pearl harbor but did help in battle of midway
100
downwinders
individuals exposed to radioactive fallout from nuclear tests
101
independent - internationalism
make decisions by yoursel but still involved in international affairs (US policy)?
102
which countries was berlin/germany split by?
US, britain, france, china
103
A Philip Randolph's threatened march on washington...
prompted Roosevelt to issue executive order no. 8802 which allowed for integration of wartime industry
104
warsaw pact
the soviet military alliance formed in 1955 w/ communist countries of eastern europe
105
containment
US policy to prevent the spread of communism and enhance america's security and influence abroad
106
Joseph Stalin
soviet dictator who originally signed non-agression pact with Germany ---> joined Allies after germany invaded
-wanted allies to open SECOND front to germany
107
sputnik
soviet satellite that was the world's first successful launch into space
*questioned american myth of technological superiority and began space race
108
why did japan attack pearl harbor?
to distract US and get australian oil for war
109
modern woman: the lost sex
book arguing that career women were unhappy because they were trying to be men instead of embracing their "natural" role
110
did the US help the jews?
not really- they created refugee camps in europe that saved over 200,000 jews but did not once loosen their immigration laws while the tension was escalating in eastern europe
111
why did the US develop the atom bomb?
they were convinced that germany was also building a bomb, end the war quickly, and demonstrate their power
112
civil rights act of 1957
passed under eisenhower as the first cr legislation passed since reconstruction
-protect voting rights
-CR division of justice department = fed employees in the south
113
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
early US civil rights organization (nonviolent)
114
japanese internment camps
japanese-americans were forcefully imprisoned during duration of ww2 after pearl harbor
115
plessy v. ferguson (1896)
legalized segregation through "separate but equal" policies
116
Ngo Dinh diem
US manipulated the vietnam election so he would win instead of Ho Chi Minh
117
nuremberg trials
24 nasiz on trial w/ 19 found guilty (later 185)
*only highest ranking officials
118
what cities did the US drop atomic bombs over
hiroshima and nagasaki
119
President Truman was against/support New Deal-like policies for social justice?
Support
120
McCarran Act
required members of communist-front organizations to register with government
121
1957 little rock crisis
Arkansas governor used national guard to block the Little Rock 9 from entering school which prompted eisenhower to send paratroopers to protect them as they integrated
122
transistor
electric switch that made the computer revolution possible
123
Truman's Fair Deal
plan to push civil rights, health insurance, and fed aid (social welfare) but struck down
124
instead of opening a second front to germany...how did the allies respond?
north africa campaign in order to protect british oil/suez canal
125
how did tax policies change during the war?
higher income tax
first time employers withheld taxes from employees paychecks
126
what was hitler's final solution?
the extermination of all european jews
127
Emmett Till
14-year old african-american boy lynched by two white men who got away with it; rallying cry for civil rights movement
128
kamikaze attacks
suicide attacks where japanese pilots would crash their planes into US ships - showed Japanese value of honor/never surrender
129
post ww2 was age of...
conformity
130
Men/women's roles during wartime
men were seen as "protectors΅ by going to defend country and women entered workplace
131
project "venona"
secret project that that decrypted soviet intel
132
Smith Connally act
allowed government to seize and operate plants/factories threatened by strikes; crackdown on labor power/strikes during war
133
communist control act
made membership in communist party illegal
134
playboy magazine
launched by Hugh Hefner in 1953 as a porn magazine meant to let men embrace sexuality
135
four policeman
USSR, britain, US and china would manage world affairs - yalta conference
136
iwo jima and okinawa
japanese cities that US forces took - showed americans that invasion of japan would be devestating
137
138
sansei
3rd generation japanese immigrants
139
rosa parks
secretary of NAACP that refused to give up her seat for a white man on a bus ---> led to montgomery bus boycott (successful)
140
victory gardens
gardens planted by americans to feed soldier and support the war effort
141
smith v. allwright (1944)
bands only-white primaries
142
Tripartite Pact
created the Axis Powers - formalized alliance between italy, germany, and japan
143
threatened railroad strike of 1946
truman threatened to draft anyone who went on strike and imperiled national security
144
chamber of horors
images of american combat deaths kept from the public
145
Roosevelt's Four Freedoms
freedom of speech , religion, freedom from want and fear ; wants american values to be spread throughout the world
146
Battle of Midway
Turning point in pacific war that put Japan on the defensive after US defeated the japanese navy
147
1954 geneva accords split vietnam...
into north and south across 17th parallel waiting for elections to reunify (which US manipulated)
junior year
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
-
Unidad 1 - La familia y las comunidades (esencial)21
-
Unidad 1- la familia y las comunidades (general)88
-
El Internado - vocab (esencial)6
-
U1 - los verbos irregulares en el presente de la lista33
-
U2- vocabulario esencial22
-
U2 - body parts (español)17
-
El internado (p2) - vocabulario esencial9
-
U3 - el arte (vocab esencial) + internado28
-
identities2
-
APUSH Sem1334
-
Unit 7 - MC test147
