UNIT 8

Question 1

For One cell model (Hadley Cell) we must assume two things:

Answer 1

• a non-rotating earth
• a uniform body of water
• A single thermally driven convection cell would occur in each hemisphere

Question 2

What is happening aloft?

Answer 2

• polar low
• equatorial high
• winds flow from equator to poles

Question 3

What is happening at surface?

Answer 3

• Equatorial low
• Polar High
• Winds flow from poles to equator

Question 4

For multi-cell model we must assume two things:

Answer 4

• rotating earth

- a uniform body of water

Question 5

equatorial low

Answer 5

• inter tropical convergence zone (ITCZ); rising motion; exists because equator is warm

Question 6

Subtropical High

Answer 6

found at 30 degrees N and S; sinking motion; deserts found here; horse latitudes; north to the right, south to the left deflection

Question 7

Subpolar low

Answer 7

60 N and S ex: London

Question 8

Polar high

Answer 8

created due to the temperature at the poles; sinking motion, “cold deserts”

Question 9

NE/SE Tradewinds

Answer 9

the most consistent winds that converge at the equator

Question 10

Westerlies

Answer 10

wind is deflected to right in north and left in south

Question 11

Easterlies

Answer 11

High to low- left and north high to low-right

Question 12

Coriolis

Answer 12

windspeed and latitude; less deflection at equator

Question 13

Overview…

Answer 13

• 7 surface systems

- 6 wind belts

Question 14

Hadley Cell

Answer 14

cells 30-0 degrees latitude ; thermally direct

Question 15

Ferrel Cell

Answer 15

cells 30-60 degrees latitude; thermally indirect

Question 16

Polar cell

Answer 16

cells 60- poles latitude; thermally direct

Question 17

Thermally Direct

Answer 17

warm air rises; cold air sinks (what we expect to have)

Question 18

Thermally indirect

Answer 18

cold air rises; warm air sinks (the opposite of what we expect)

Question 19

Jet Streams

Answer 19

rivers of rapidly moving air flowing within the same general direction:
Polar jet
Subtropical jet
Equatorial jet

Question 20

Zonal flow pattern of jet streams

Answer 20

straight flow

Question 21

meridional flow pattern of jet streams

Answer 21

wavy flow

Question 22

Ocean Current

Answer 22

• large scale movements of water
• oceanic counterpart to the atmospheric system of wind belts
• Affects the 71 percent of planet covered by oceans
• also affects continental landmasses

Question 23

Temperature profile of an ocean

Answer 23

Absorption of solar radiation heats the ocean and land surfaces; temperature DROPS with DEPTH (opposite of the troposphere)

Question 24

Mixed Layer

Answer 24

• extends to 75 m (245 ft) in depth
• About 3% of the total ocean volume
• NO temperature change with depth because of waves which mix water together

Question 25

Thermocline

Answer 25

- extends beneath the mixed layer to a depth about 1000m (3300 ft) - Relatively sharp changes in temperature depth because it is far enough from mixing of water

Question 26

Deep Water

Answer 26

- depths greater than 3300ft - Temperatures are nearly uniform with depth (between 1-3C of 33.8-37.5) because if ice is created it will melt as it rises - we don’t get to 32 degrees, salt water freezing point and pressure changes freezing point

Question 27

ocean currents affect the atmosphere through the transport of heat because...

Answer 27

they STORE A LOT OF HEAT

Question 28

The world ocean plays a vital role in constantly adjusting the Earth’s surface heat imbalance...

Answer 28

- equatorial surplus - polar deficit - The sea contains numerous horizontal, vertical, and diagonal currents at various depths - horizontal and at the surface are where most heat transfer takes place

Question 29

Warm current

Answer 29

travel from equator to the poles; Warm water pumps heat and moisture to the atmosphere which creates clouds and precipitation (unstable lower atmosphere)

Question 30

Cold current

Answer 30

travel from poles to equator; Cold currents don’t add heat and have no moisture to the atmosphere (Stable conditions)

Question 31

Surface Currents

Answer 31

Even though we call one a warm or cold current, they are not that different. Additionally, the currents are not very fast; they impact the globe regardless of their slight differences

Question 32

Gulf stream

Answer 32

floats through gulf and comes out between Florida and Cuba into the east coast