Unit 8 Changes Through Time

Question 1

Species that are closely related have more ____ in common

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

What is a diagram that shows how closely related different subspecies are?

Answer 2

Phylogenetic tree

Question 3

Distinct populations within a species are called?

Answer 3

Subspecies

Question 4

Which vertebrates are most closely related to rodents and rabbits?

Answer 4

Primates

Question 5

Which vertebrates are most distantly related to crocodiles?

Answer 5

Sharks

Question 6

Crocodiles and birds share a more recent common _____? They have more _____ in common.

Answer 6

• Ancestor
• DNA

Question 7

How do subspecies acquire unique variations?

Answer 7

Mutations and genetic recombination

Question 8

What is an adaptation?

Answer 8

A characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce

Question 9

How are extravagant feathers an adaptation?

Answer 9

They increase the chances of reproduction

Question 10

Adaptations are dependent on the organisms ______?

Answer 10

Environment

Question 11

Give an example of an adaptation

Answer 11

Fins help a fish swim away from predators

Question 12

What is natural selection?

Answer 12

Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 13

Name and describe 3 factors that are necessary for natural selection to occur

Answer 13

1) Overproduction: more offspring are produced than there is room for

2) Variation: offspring have differences

3) Competition: Individuals must compete for resources

Question 14

Who first wrote about natural selection?

Answer 14

Charles Darwin

Question 15

If genotype ratios are not in equilibrium, then what is happening in the population?

Answer 15

EvolutionTw

Question 16

Two populations of a species may speciate when they do not _____ together

Answer 16

Reproduce

Question 17

List 3 situations which may prevent members of a species from reproducing together

Answer 17

• Failure to recognize mating calls
• Mating at different times of day
• Geographic isolation - physically separated

Question 18

Give 3 examples of specides which have recently separated into two (or more) species

Answer 18

• Meadowlarks (Eastern and Western)
• Fruit flies
• Squirrels (Abert’s and Kaibab)
• Grey fox (gray fox and island fox)

Question 19

What is a fossil

Answer 19

A trace of a long dead organism

Question 20

Describe 3 ways fossils may form

Answer 20

• Burial in sediment
• stuck in a tar pit
• caught in hardened tree sap (Amber)

Question 21

What is the most common way for a fossil to form/?

Answer 21

burial in sediment

Question 22

What kind of environment produces the most fossils?

Answer 22

oceans and lakes where sediment rapidly accumulates

Question 23

What was the time before Paleozoic era known as?

Answer 23

Precambrian

Question 24

What geologic era had mammals as the predominant fossil type?

Answer 24

Cenozoic

Question 25

What geologic era was from 0-65 mya?

Answer 25

Cenozoic

Question 26

What geologic era was from 65-250 mya

Answer 26

Mesozoic

Question 27

What geologic era was from 250-540 mya

Answer 27

Paleozoic

Question 28

What geologic era had reptiles as the predominant fossil type?

Answer 28

Mesosoic

Question 29

What geologic era had invertebrates as the predominant fossil type

Answer 29

Paleozoic

Question 30

What did Miller and Urey show in their experiments

Answer 30

the molecules of life could arise from conditions found on early Earth

Question 31

What is the panspermia theory

Answer 31

Life came to Earth on Asteroids

Question 32

What is the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 32

Complex cells arose when prokaryotes began living together.