Unit 9

Question 1

Blood Brain Barrier Function

Answer 1

It strictly regulates fluid and filters it. It helps prevent exposure to drugs, waste products in blood, and variations of substances. It serves as protection.

Question 2

What is the BBB formed of

Answer 2

Cappilarirs surrounded by astrocytes

Question 3

Negatives of BBB

Answer 3

If the Brain has an infection it cannot receive treatment

Question 4

White Matter

Answer 4

The brain and spinal cord is from aggregation of myelinated axons from many neurons

Question 5

Gray matter

Answer 5

The brain and spinal cored formed from neuronal cell bodies and dendrites (no myelin) (appears light)

Question 6

Dura Mater

Answer 6

is a thick outermost layer that is strong and protects the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 7

2 layers in Dura Mater

Answer 7

Meningefal (external) and periostea (internal)

Question 8

Arachoid mater

Answer 8

A cobwebby layer (middle) is external to collagen and elastic fibres

Question 9

Pia Mater

Answer 9

thin layers that is directly covering brain surface. The inner most layer areolar tissue

Question 10

Epidural space

Answer 10

Runs outside the dura mater

Question 11

Subora

Answer 11

Between dura and arachnoid layer

Question 12

Subarachnoid space

Answer 12

between the arachnoid mater externally and pia mater internally

Question 13

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Answer 13

A clear fluid that circulates through the internal cavities in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 14

Cerebral fluid Purpose

Answer 14

it is buoyant, floats around and reduces 95% if the weight without it the brain would sink. It stabilizes, transports nutrients to brain, removes waste, protects nervous tissue .
1) Shock absorber
2) Maintains pH
3) circulates

Question 15

CFS production

Answer 15

1. Produced by chore plexus in the ventricles
2. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles through into the ventricles foremen into third ventricle and then through the cerebral aqueducts into the fourth ventricles
   
   3. As the CSF flows through the subarachnoid space it provides buoyancy to support the brain
   4. Excess CFS flows into the arachnoid cilli the drains into the Dural venous sinuses. The greater pressure on the CSF in the subarachnoid space ensures that CSF moves into the venous sinuses without permitting venous blood to enter the subarachnoid

Question 16

Brain stem

Answer 16

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

Question 17

Medulla oblongata

Answer 17

• Cardiovascular center controls the rate and force of heart beat and diameter of blood vessels
  
  • The respiratory rhythmicity center control the rate and rhythm of breathing
  • The vomiting coughing and sneezing centers
    Inferior part of the brain

Question 18

Pons

Answer 18

controls breathing, acts as a relay centre for motor control
* Connect brain and spinal cord

Question 19

Midbrain

Answer 19

Visual reflexes, auditory pathway, startle reflex
* Subconscious muscle activities (parking sons)

Question 20

Cerebellum

Answer 20

• Anterior and posterior lobes that are separated by primary fissure
  
  • Coordinates muscle movement but does not iniate it
  • Ensure they follow the right pattern
  • When you close your eyes you are still aware of which joints are moving

Question 21

Diencephalon

Answer 21

Thalmus
Hypothalamus

Question 22

Thalmus

Answer 22

• Relay station for all sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex
  
  • Has thalamic nuclei
  • Final relay point for incoming information
  • Clues in information
  • Ex. Filters out sounds when you are trying to study

Question 23

Hypothalamus

Answer 23

• Controls and integrates the autonomic nervous system, and coordinates between NS and endocrine system produces many hormones, controls body temp, regulates hunger and thirst, assists with internal circadian (around day)
  
  • Mast control of the autonomic nervous system
  • Master control of the endocrine system
  • Regulation of body temp

Question 24

Limbic

Answer 24

• Cingulate gyrus
  
  • Para hippocampus
  • Hippocampus (short term memory)
  • Amygdaloid body
  • Olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts, and olfactory cortex
  • Fornix

Question 25

Cerebrum

Answer 25

-divided into 2 halves left and right hemisphere -bone segments -each hemisphere has 5 lobes

Question 26

Cerebrum consists of

Answer 26

Sensory: Perception of sensory info Motor: voluntary movements Association areas: memory, personality, intelligence Corpus callosum: a thick band of axons that connects corresponding areas of the 2 hemispheres -Parietal: primary somatosensory cortex, Somatosensory association area -temporal: Primary auditory cortex, auditory association area, primary olfactory cortex -occipital: Primary visual cortex, visual association area -frontal: primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, frontal eyes field, motor speech, prefrontal cortex (Phineas Gage) -Primary auditory area -Primary motor area

Question 27

I

Answer 27

-Olfactory -Sense of smell -Sensory

Question 28

II

Answer 28

-Optic -Vision -Sensory

Question 29

III

Answer 29

-Oculomotor -Movement of eyeballs, constriction of pupil -Motor

Question 30

IV

Answer 30

-Trochlear -Movement of eyeballs -Motor

Question 31

V

Answer 31

-Trigeminal -Sensory nerve of face, motor control of chewing -mixed

Question 32

VI

Answer 32

-Abducens -Movement of eyeballs -Motor

Question 33

VII

Answer 33

-Facial -Sensory nerve of the face motor control of chewing -mixed

Question 34

VIII

Answer 34

-Facial -Sensory nerve of the face, motor nerve of facial expression -Mixed

Question 35

VIII

Answer 35

-Vestibulocochlear -Hearning and equilibrium -sensory

Question 36

IX

Answer 36

-Glossopharyngeal -Sensory for taste, monitors blood pressure, motor for swallowing and salvia production -Mixed

Question 37

X

Answer 37

-Vagus -Sensory from parasympathetic NS, motor for swallowing and vocalizing -Mixed

Question 38

XI

Answer 38

-Accessory -Movement of head and pectoral girdle -Motor

Question 39

XII

Answer 39

-Hypoglossal -Speech, manipulation of food -Motor