Unit 9

Question 1

• the global increase in ocean water temperatures
• caused by increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (CO2 and methane)
• affects marine species b

Answer 1

ocean warming

Question 2

• warm ocean temps stress the corals and the coral expel their symbiotic algae, which gives them a bleach appearance
• could cause the coral to die

Answer 2

coral bleaching

Question 3

• an increase in the acidity of the oceans (decrease in pH of the ocean), occurs when CO2 from the atmosphere enters ocean water and combines with water molecules and carbonic acid forms
• this is contributing to coral bleaching
• CO2+H2O -> H2CO3

Answer 3

ocean acidification

Question 4

What are some anthropogenic activities that have led to ocean acidification?

Answer 4

• burning fossil fuels
• driving vehicles
• deforestation

Question 5

What is a negative effect on the loss of coral?

Answer 5

decrease in biodiversity which leads to a decrease in marine organisms

Question 6

• non-native species accidentally or purposefully introduced into a ecosystem that threaten or harm native populations
• generalist and r-selected

Answer 6

invasive species

Question 7

any external factor that changes the behavior and fitness of organisms within an environment

Answer 7

selective pressure

Question 8

est. 1900, US law that prohibits interstate shipping of all illegally harvested plants and animals

Answer 8

Lacey Act

Question 9

a 1973 treaty formed to control the international trade of threatened plants and animals

Answer 9

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)

Question 10

• a 1972 U.S. act to protect declining populations of marine mammals
• prohibits the killing of all marine mammals and the import or export of their body parts

Answer 10

Marine Mammal Protection Act

Question 11

est. 1973, it authorizes the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to determine which species can be listed as threatened or endangered and prohibits the harming of these species

Answer 11

Endangered Species Act

Question 12

What are the main factors leading to decreases in biodiversity?

Answer 12

• habitat destruction
• invasive species
• population growth (humans)
• pollution
• climate change
• over exploitation

Question 13

• occurs when large habitats are broken up into smaller isolated areas
• negative impact on biodiversity
• specialist are easily affected

Answer 13

habitat fragmentation

Question 14

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 14

isotope

Question 15

• the bond that forms when atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons
• strongest of the 3

Answer 15

covalent bond

Question 16

• a bond that forms when 2 atoms transfer one or more electrons between each other
• one atom becomes electron deficient (+) and the other becomes electron rich (-)
• weaker than covalent

Answer 16

ionic bond

Question 17

• this bond forms when a “weaker” hydrogen atom bonds with another “stronger” atom like oxygen
• weakest bond

Answer 17

hydrogen bond

Question 18

unequal sharing of electrons

Answer 18

polar molecule

Question 19

cohesion

Answer 19

• water sticking to water
• helps water go against gravity

Question 20

adhesion

Answer 20

water sticking to a surface

Question 21

high specific heat

Answer 21

takes a lot of heat energy to increase water temp

Question 22

universal solvent

Answer 22

a lot of different substances cells need can dissolve into water

Question 23

high heat of vaporization

Answer 23

takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate water

Question 24

capillary action

Answer 24

water moves upward in trees due to adhesion and cohesion

Question 25

less dense in solid form

Answer 25

ice floats

Question 26

surface tension

Answer 26

when water molecules stick together they are hard

Question 27

a law of nature stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change form

Answer 27

law of conservation of matter:

Question 28

kinetic energy

Answer 28

energy in motion

Question 29

potential energy

Answer 29

stored energy

Question 30

energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another

Answer 30

First Law of Thermodynamics

Question 31

- when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes because some energy is lost to the system, increasing entropy (disorder) - energy is lost as heat

Answer 31

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 32

a feedback loop in which a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring

Answer 32

negative feedback loop

Question 33

a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified or keeps going

Answer 33

positive feedback loop

Question 34

- A system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries - earth is this system

Answer 34

Open system

Question 35

A system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries

Answer 35

Closed system