Unit 9- nervous system

Question 1

what does the autonomic nervous system split into?

Answer 1

• the sympathetic system (fight and flight), noradrenaline

- the parasympathetic system (rest and digest) acetylcholine

Question 2

describe the branches of the human nervous system:

Answer 2

human nervous system 
- peripheral and central nervous system
peripheral splits into:
- voluntary and autonomic nervous system
Autonomic splits into:
- sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Question 3

Describe the structure of a sensory neurone

Answer 3

• long nerve fibre (mostly dendron)

- cell body more central (not at the end of the nerve

Question 4

Describe the structure of a motor neurone

Answer 4

• long nerve fibre (axon)
• lots of dendrites on the cell body
• cell body is at the beginning of the nerve

Question 5

Function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 5

• low level autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate

Question 6

Function of cerebellum

Answer 6

• controls complex muscular coordination like walking or running
• also controls balance

Question 7

Function of the hypothalamus:

Answer 7

• homeostasis regulation
• temperature regulation and osmoregulation
• controls the release of hormones from pituitary gland

Question 8

Function of the cerebrum

Answer 8

Controls higher functions

• responsible for conscious thoughts
• movement are also initiated by cerebrum

Question 9

Describe the reflex arc

Answer 9

• sensory nerve fibre enters via the dorsal root
• sensORy cell body lies in the dORsal root ganglion
• relay neurones carry impulses to motor neurones and also can connect to brain
• motor nerve fibres exit via the ventral root and stimulate effector cells

Question 10

What type of nerves are in the dorsal root? And ventral root?

Answer 10

Dorsal- sensory neurone

Ventral- motor neurone

Question 11

What is special about the cells in the grey matter of CNS?

Answer 11

Unmyelinated

Question 12

What 2 regions make up the spinal cord?

Answer 12

• grey matter (unmyelinated interneurones)

- outer white matter made of sensory and motor neurones

Question 13

What is the purpose of the ventral root ganglion

Answer 13

• it’s a swelling in the dorsal root containing all the sensory neurone cell bodies

Question 14

Where is the cell body of a motor neurone found?

Answer 14

• in the grey matter

Question 15

Definition of a reflex

Answer 15

A specific response to a specific stimulus which protects the body from damage

Question 16

What is the vestibular system

Answer 16

The series of sensory neurones in the ear which sense balance