What is One-Mitt Measure?
-Inuit in the high arctic traditionally used the width of a mitt held at arm’s length to gauge the height of the Sun
above the horizon.
-When the Sun rose to a height of one-mitt width, it meant that seal pups would be born in two lunar
cycles.
What does the word SOLSTICE mean?
- “solstice” comes from the Latin
- ‘sol’ meaning sun,
- ‘stice’ meaning stop
When does the summer solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere?
the summer solstice occurs near June 21.
What is the summer solstice?
It marks the longest period of daylight in the year and represents the start of summer.
When does the winter solstice occur?
near December 21
What is the winter solstice?
It marks the shortest day of the year and the start of winter.
When do the summer and winter solstice occur in the Southern Hemisphere?
The solstice occur opposite on when the occur in the northern hemisphere:
Summer: December 21
Winter: June 21
What is the Stonehenge?
- More than 3500 years ago
- possibly the ancient Celts erected the megaliths of Stonehenge
- still standing in southern England.
How does the Stonehenge mark seasonal change?
-Arranged in concentric circles, the enormous stones mark the summer and winter solstices
How did Ancient African cultures mark seasonal change?
. Ancient African cultures also set large rock pillars into patterns that could be used to predict the timing of the solstices.
When is Spring Equinox?
about March 21
When is Fall Equinox?
about September 22
What does the word Equinox mean?
The word “equinox” comes from the Latin:
- equi meaning equal
- nox meaning nigh
What is an Equinox?
At the equinox, day and night are of equal length.
How did the Mayans celebrate the two equinoxes?
-built an enormous cylinder-shaped tower at
Chichén Itzá
-about A.D. 1000
- to celebrate the occurrence of the two equinoxes.
Why did The ancient Egyptians build many pyramids and other monuments?
to align with the seasonal position of certain stars
- The entrance passage of Khufu, the Great Pyramid at Giza, once lined up with Thuban (a star in the constellation of Draco).
- At the time the pyramid was built, starting about 2700 B.C., Thuban was the closest star showing true north.
How did the Aboriginal people align stars?
used large rocks to build medicine circles in which key rocks aligned with the bright stars that rose in the
dawn
-such as Aldebaran, Rigel, and Sirius.
Which nations had beliefs,
ceremonies, and legends about the sun?
North American First Nations, Australian Aborigines, Aztecs, Chinese, Egyptians, Greeks, Inuit, Japanese, Norse.
What is the Geocentric Model?
2000 years ago, the Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed a geocentric to explain planetary motion:
Earth at the center, surrounded by a series of
concentric spheres that represented the paths of the Sun, Moon, and five planets are known at the time
How were the stars describe in the Geocentric model?
To explain why the distant stars did not move,
Aristotle hypothesized that they were attached firmly
to the outermost sphere (what he called the “celestial sphere”) where they stayed put as though glued to an immovable ceiling.
What tools did Aristotle use to figure out the planetary motion in outer space?
mathematics and geometry of Pythagoras
and Euclid, which he used to calculate the size and shape of the spheres.
Heliocentric Model
Then, in 1530, Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus
proposed a model that explained planetary motion:
- suggested that the Sun was at the center and Earth and the other planets revolved in orbits around it.
What did Galileo Galilei of Italy discover In the 1600s?
was the first person to view mountains on the Moon, a “bump” on either side of Saturn (later found to be the outer edges of the planet’s rings), spots on the Sun, moons orbiting Jupiter, and the distinct phases of Venus.
What did the German mathematician, Johannes Kepler discover?
The orbits of the planets, he realized, were ellipses and not circles.
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Unit A Section 1.219
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Unit A Section 1.35
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Unit A Section 2.18
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Unit A Section 2.238
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Unit A Section 3.118
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Unit A Section 3.29
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Unit B Section 1.112
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Unit B Section 4.26
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Unit B Section 4.38
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Unit C Section 1.155
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Unit D Section 1.115
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Unit E Section 4.39
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Historical chemist14
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Unit A Section 1 Vocab31
