Science Study Decks > UNIT E STUDY DECK > Flashcards

UNIT E STUDY DECK Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the earth is covered by water?

A

74%

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2
Q

What kind of water can human ONLY drink to be safe

A

Freshwater

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3
Q

What is the word that describes only water that human can drink safely

A

Potable water

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4
Q

What percentage of water is ocean salt water

A

94%

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5
Q

What percentage of water is freshwater

A

4%

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6
Q

What percentage of the water is ice

A

77%

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7
Q

What percentage of the water is ground water

A

22%

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8
Q

What percentage of the water is lakes, rivers, and wetlands

A

1%

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9
Q

What percentage is actually available to humans

A

0.003%

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10
Q

Where does our water come from

A

The rocky mountains

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11
Q

What does water quality mean

A

How clean the water is

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12
Q

What is the most common substance in water

A

Sodium chloride (Table salt)

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13
Q

What does salinity mean

A

Total amount of salts dissolved in water

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14
Q

What does fresh water do as it flows

A

Dissolves minerals from rocks as it passes through

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15
Q

What is hard water

A

Water containing high concentration of minerals like calcium and magnesium

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16
Q

Where to most towns and cities get there drinking water from

A

Surface water

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17
Q

What is surface water

A

Water from lakes, rivers, or streams (other natural water ways)

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18
Q

Name 5 water testing criteria

A

Taste and odour
Cloudiness
pH level
Dissolved oxygen
Bacteria

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19
Q

What is reverse osmosis and distillation

A

Both water purification processes

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20
Q

How does distillation work

A

Used to separate solutions using boiling and condensation

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21
Q

What is reverse osmosis

A

Movement of water through a membrane to low concentration to high concentration

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22
Q

What are waves

A

Movements on the surface of the water

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23
Q

What are tides

A

The rising and falling of large bodies of water (oceans)

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24
Q

How do waves work

A

A circular movement of water particles

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25
T/F In a wave, the water particles move
False
26
What are waves caused by
The wind
27
What do waves due to shorelines
Erode them away or deposited materials
28
How do tides form
The gravitational pull of the sun and moon
29
How many low tides are there a day
2
30
How many high tides are there a day
2
31
Is the biggest water bulge the high tide or low
High
32
What is a stream characteristic
The characteristics to describe a lake, stream, or river
33
What are 2 things you want to know before walking through a stream
How fast it flows How steep is the stream
34
What part will river water start
At the source
35
What is usually the source
Glaciers
36
What is the word used to describe slower moving water (River profile)
Meander
37
What is a delta
Sediments left behind by a river
38
What is erosion
The wearing away of rock or soil fragments
39
What is deposition
The placing of rock and soil fragments
40
What comes first, deposition or erosion
Erosion
41
What is a river's sediment load
the amount of carried materials like rock, soil, etc
42
T/F The slower the flow, the more it can carry
False
43
What is a watershed
The area of land that drains water into another lake
44
What is the continental divide
Location of the highest point land in the continent
45
Where does the water go when flowing to the west
Pacific ocean
46
Where does the water go when flowing to the east
Atlantic or arctic
47
What is a glacier
Large moving body of ice
48
What does it mean when a glacier is advancing
Little to no melting and it continues to move forward
49
What does it mean when a glacier is retreating
Melting occurs no buildup
50
What is a moraine
Form from rocks and gravel that build up along the sides and at the end of the glacier
51
What is an esker
Forms when parts of a glacier melts
52
What is a drumlin
Small hills with a teardrop shape
53
What is a rounded hill
Mountains that have been wearied away by repeated glaciation
54
What is a kettle lake
A lake formed from a melted glacier
55
What is the continental shelf
Shallow edges around the continents Light penetrates Warmer water
56
What is a volcanic island
Forms when volcanoes grow on the ocean floor
57
What is a trench
Formed when 2 plates move toward each other (Smaller one goes under)
58
What is a seamount
Underwater volcanoes that don't grow to the surface
59
What is a mid-ocean range
When molten rock push up the interior of the eath
60
What is climate
The average weather measured over time
61
T/F Water has a high heat capacity
True
62
What are the 4 things that cause currents
Wind Earth's rotation Water temperature Salt water differences in water
62
What are currents
Streams of water that move within a large body of water
63
T/F The water in currents usually move from place to place
True
64
What are surface currents usually caused by
Wind
65
Currents that carry warm water carry into the ___________
Northern hemisphere (North Atlantic Current)
66
Currents that start from the north pole carry ____________
Cold Water (Labrador currents)
67
Blowing over a warm ocean current will carry
Moisture
68
Blowing over a cold ocean current will carry
Dry
69
Which type of water carries greater diversity
Salt water
70
Why does salt water carry greater diversity
The ocean has more niches because it's a bigger environment
71
What are the 3 lake zones
Upper zone, middle zone, and lowest zone
72
What is the upper zone
The shore Where aquatic plants stop growing
73
What is the middle zone
Open water Light still penetrates
74
What is the lowest zone
No penetrating light No growing plants
75
What are the 4 ocean zones
Estuary, intertidal zone, continental shelf, and oceanic zone
76
What is an estuary
Fresh water from rivers/streams mixes with salt water from oceans to form brackish water
77
What is an intertidal zone
The shoreline of the ocean
78
What is the Oceanic zone
No penetrating light Very little oxygen High pressure
79
What is an adaptation
A physical or behaviour of a species that that survive in its environment
80
What are the 5 environmental factors that can influence adaptations
Temperature Light Pressure Salinity Water movement
81
What is population
A group of organisms of the same species
82
What are the 3 types of changes to population
Short term changes Long Term Changes Seasonal
83
What is short term changes
Changes that happen over a short period of time Do not last long
84
What is long term changes
Changes that can be caused by man made or natural Last for a long time
85
What are seasonal changes
Dramatic changes caused by the seasons
86
What is El nino and La nina
Examples of short term changes that happen naturally that affect population in certain areas
87
# How can you tell if water is “hard”? How can you tell if water is “hard”?
Soap doesn't lather well
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