Atom
Smallest unit of matter (abionic)
Molocule
chemical structure held together by at least two atoms (abionic)
Macromolocule
Smaller molocules strung together, such as DNA (abionic)
Cell
smallest organism that contains life (bionic)
Types of cells
- prokaryotes
- eukaryotes
Organelles
compartments inside the cell that contain specific groups of macromolecules and carry out specific cellular functions
Nucleus
encloses DNA within the cell
Tissue
formed when similar cells work together to fulfill the same detailed function
Organs
collections of tissues that work together to carry out a common general function
Organ system
a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs
Organisms
individual living entities that survive and reproduce as a unit
Ecosystem
all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, or nonliving, parts of that environment
Biomes
Areas of the Earth with similar characteristics of living and nonliving things
Biosphere
the collection of all ecosystems on Earth
Characteristics of life
- Be made of materials organized in a hierarchical pattern.
- Use energy and raw materials to survive.
- Sense and respond to changing environments and maintain internal stability, or homeostasis.
- Grow, develop, and reproduce.
- Be part of a population that evolves.
Order of hierarchy of matter
- Atom
- Molocule
- Cell
- Organelle
- Nucleus
- Tissue
- Organ system
A hypothosis is:
- A prediction
- Falsifiable
- Reproducable
biological macromolecules
special molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded with hydrogen atoms
Four classes of biological macromolecules:
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Chemical bonds
A bond that holds atoms together to create molecules
Types of chemical bonds
- Covalent (electron pairs shared)
- Ion (electron transferred)
- Hydrogen
Cation
positively charged ion
Anion
negatively charged ion
Solution
Mixtures of two or more substances
