What is the purpose of cell division?
Required for the continuation of living things and allows:
- Genetic information (DNA) to be carried from one generation to the next
- For growth and development
- dead or damaged cells to be replaced
- For reproduction (mitosis/meiosis/binary fission)
What are the four main steps to cell division? (not the phases)
- DNA replication in the parent cell
- Each copy of DNA needs to be moved to either end of the cell
- Parent cell divides into two daughter cells
- Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell
How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission, where the circular chromosome replicates and attaches to the membrane at either end of the cell. The membrane grows inwards, and the cell wall forms around the outside.
None
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells that occurs after the cell goes through the ‘Cell Cycle’.
None
What are the phases of the cell cycle prior to mitosis?
The phases are:
* G1
* S
* G2
Interphase is a preparation phase and is not a stage of mitosis.
What are the four stages of mitosis?
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
None
What happens during cytokinesis?
At the end of telophase, protein fibers constrict, causing infolding. The cell membrane pinches, forming a cleavage furrow, and the two new daughter cells separate.
What are diploid cells?
Diploid cells are those that have the full set of chromosomes, including the original ‘parent’ cell and the two new ‘daughter’ cells, which are genetically identical.
Somatic cells (other than sex cells) are diploid.
What are haploid cells?
Haploid cells are sex cells (sperm and ovum) that have half the number of chromosomes compared to diploid cells.
None
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a ‘map’ of the homologous pairs of chromosomes.
None
What is cancer in relation to cell division?
Cancer is uncontrollable cell growth, forming tumours and avoids apoptosis (where damaged DNA leads to cell removal from the cell cycle)
True or False: Cells use DNA replication prior to cell division to make an identical copy of DNA.
True
None
How do eukaryotic cells divide?
Eukaryotic cells divide by mitotic division, which involves division of the nucleus (mitosis) and division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).
None
What occurs during anaphase in mitosis?
During anaphase, pairs of chromatids are separated and moved by the spindle to opposite poles of the cell.
None
How are chromosomes arranged in eukaryotic cells?
Chromosomes in eukaryotic cells are linear.
None
