What is the prenatal period?
Conception to birth
What age range defines infancy?
Birth to 18 months
What is the age range for the toddler period?
18 months to 3 years
What age range characterizes the preschool period?
3 to 5 years of age
Define middle childhood.
5 to 12 years (until onset of puberty)
What age range is associated with adolescence?
12 to 20 years (until the individual begins to work and is independent)
What is the age range for young adulthood?
20 to 40 years
What is the age range for middle age?
40 to 65 years
What age range defines old age?
65 years and older
What is the individualistic view of development?
Assumes that the mind is premade from biology and genes
What is a problem with the individualistic view?
It assumes baby’s minds are much like adult minds only less sophisticated
What does the adultocentrism view propose?
The baby is born with an adult mind
What is the relational/developmental view?
Explains how the mind develops through social processes
What does the relational/developmental view propose about babies?
Babies are not born with as many innate aspects as we think
How do babies learn according to the relational view?
Through social interaction with caregivers
What can babies pick up on from their parents?
Stress
Are theories value free?
No
What processes determine human development?
Biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes
What are biological processes in development?
Physical changes, maturation, hereditary influences on aging
What is plasticity in development?
Ability to change behavior or thinking
What do cognitive processes involve?
Changes in a person’s thinking and intelligence
What are socioemotional processes?
Changes in emotion, personality, relationships, and social contexts
What does the relational perspective suggest?
Social processes are the starting point of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional development
What is the goal of developmentalists in describing development?
Identify normative and ideographic development
