What does mechanistic theory argue?
Mankind is rational and capable of devising a state that reflects its needs
This theory was linked to John Locke’s writings and opposed the divine right of kings.
What was a significant effect of the Enlightenment on politics?
Influenced the creation of an independent American republic and the French Revolution
These events occurred in 1776 and 1789, respectively.
When did the Enlightenment emerge?
Mid-seventeenth century
This period coincided with the English Civil War.
What belief defined the Enlightenment?
A belief in reason rather than faith
This belief promoted debate and inquiry.
What radical ideas emerged from the Enlightenment?
Each individual has free will, is the best judge of their own interests, and should shape their life by their own actions
These ideas emphasized individual autonomy.
Who is widely regarded as the ‘father’ of liberalism?
John Locke
Locke lived from 1632 to 1704.
What did Enlightenment philosophers like Locke question?
The relationship between individuals and governments
They sought to define why and how individuals should defer to their governors.
What was the assumed natural form of government before the Enlightenment?
Monarchical government
This assumption was based on the belief that kings were put in place by God.
What doctrine supported the acceptance of a king’s decisions?
The divine right of kings
This doctrine held that obedience to the king was a religious duty.
What cultural factors dominated society before the Enlightenment?
Faith, religion, and superstition
These factors supported the monarchical system.
What unique powers do human beings possess according to Enlightenment thinkers?
The power of logic, calculation, and deduction
These powers justified the creation of a political system based on reason.
True or False: The Enlightenment promoted uncritical acceptance of traditional beliefs.
False
The Enlightenment encouraged questioning and scrutiny of accepted ideas.
Fill in the blank: The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that began in the _______.
mid-seventeenth century
This period marked significant changes in political thought.
