Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is the control center of the cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus

The nucleus contains genes that determine cell characteristics, types of proteins, and promotes reproduction.

Question 2

How many nuclei do mature red blood cells have?

Answer 2

None

Question 3

What is chromatin composed of?

Answer 3

DNA, RNA, and proteins

Question 4

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 4

• Contains DNA
• Directs cellular activities
• Produces ribosomes in nucleoli

Question 5

What is the outer layer of the nuclear envelope in continuity with?

Answer 5

Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)

Question 6

What is the purpose of nuclear pores?

Answer 6

Control movement of proteins and RNA across the envelope

Question 7

What are mitochondria known as?

Answer 7

Powerhouse of the cell

Question 8

What is the structure of the outer mitochondrial membrane?

Answer 8

Continuous and lipid in nature, freely permeable

Question 9

What is the inner mitochondrial membrane primarily composed of?

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

What does the matrix of mitochondria contain?

Answer 10

Specific circular DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes

Question 11

What is the role of mitochondria in energy production?

Answer 11

To facilitate energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, moreso to generate ATP through the reactions of the electron transport chain.

Question 12

What are ribosomes made up of?

Answer 12

Two subunits: large and small

Question 13

What is the Svedberg unit used for?

Answer 13

Determining mass, shape, and size of ribosomes

Question 14

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

• Rough ER (RER)
• Smooth ER (SER)

Question 15

What is the main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

Synthesize and sort proteins; lipid modification

Question 16

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesize?

Answer 16

• Phospholipids
• Steroids
• Cholesterol

Question 17

What is the Golgi apparatus made of?

Answer 17

3 to 20 flattened membranous sacs called cisternae

Question 18

What happens at the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

Vesicles from ER fuse, releasing contents for modification

Question 19

What is the role of lysosomes?

Answer 19

Digest proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and sugars

Question 20

What is the pH optimum for lysosomal enzymes?

Answer 20

5

Question 21

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 21

Microbodies that oxidize organic molecules

Question 22

What can dysfunction of peroxisomes lead to?

Answer 22

Zellweger syndrome

Question 23

What are the three types of filamentous proteins in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 23

• Microtubules
• Intermediate filaments
• Microfilaments

Question 24

What is the primary function of microfilaments?

Answer 24

Provide mechanical support and shape to cells

Question 25

What do intermediate filaments provide to the cell?

Answer 25

Mechanical support and strength

Question 26

What are microtubules made of?

Answer 26

Protein 'tubulin'

Question 27

What is a disorder associated with microtubule dysfunction?

Answer 27

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Question 28

Fill in the blank: Mitochondrial DNA is inherited _______.

Answer 28

Maternal

Question 29

True or False: The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

What is the structure of the inner mitocondrial membrane?

Answer 30

Selectively permeable structure of mainly protein, that increases surface area by its folding, which forms cristae.