What is hindsight bias?
The belief that one would have predicted an event after it has occurred.
Example: “I knew it all along” after a major event like 9/11.
What do experiments establish?
Causation and effect.
What are preexisting differences in participants called?
Individual differences.
What are environmental variables?
Factors of the environment that can affect outcomes.
What is random assignment?
A method where participants have an equal chance of being assigned to any group.
What is self-concept?
The understanding of who one is.
What is self-esteem?
How one makes sense of their worth in the world.
What is the self-reference effect?
The tendency to remember information that is personally relevant.
What is the spotlight effect?
The belief that others are more aware of our mistakes than they actually are.
What is social comparison?
Evaluating our own abilities and opinions in relation to others.
What is collectivism?
Prioritizing group goals over individual goals.
What is the difference between implicit and explicit attitudes?
Implicit attitudes are automatic and unconscious, while explicit attitudes are conscious and deliberate.
What is learned helplessness?
A condition where individuals feel they have no control over their situation, impacting well-being.
