Breastfeeding Essentials > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is lactogenesis?

A

The making of human milk.

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2
Q

How many distinct phases are there in lactogenesis?

A

Three distinct phases.

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3
Q

What is lactogenesis I (LI)?

A

Secretory differentiation that commences during the second half of pregnancy.

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4
Q

What promotes cell differentiation and growth of milk ducts during lactogenesis I?

A

Pregnancy hormones.

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5
Q

What is typically seen in women during pregnancy related to lactogenesis?

A

Some evidence of a milky secretion (colostrum) from their breasts.

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6
Q

What is lactogenesis II (LII)?

A

Secretory activation, the initiation of lactation that begins biochemically around 30-40 hours after birth.

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7
Q

What hormonal changes occur during lactogenesis II?

A

Progesterone levels drop and prolactin levels remain high.

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8
Q

When does the mother experience the sensation of milk ‘coming in’?

A

Around 70 hours after birth.

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9
Q

What is lactogenesis III (LIII)?

A

The maintenance of ongoing lactation, also known as galactopoiesis.

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10
Q

What is the autocrine function in lactogenesis III dependent on?

A

Frequent, effective removal of milk from the breasts.

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11
Q

Initially, what drives milk production in lactogenesis III?

A

Hormones (endogenous).

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12
Q

Who drives milk production after the infant learns to breastfeed?

A

The infant (exogenous).

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13
Q

What can delay or inhibit secretory activation?

A

Endocrine disruption due to complications during birth.

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14
Q

What is a potential complication that can disrupt lactogenesis?

A

Retention of a functional portion of the placenta that secretes progesterone.

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15
Q

What condition can severe hemorrhage cause that affects lactation?

A

Sheehan’s syndrome (pituitary gland necrosis).

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16
Q

How does insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus affect lactation?

A

It can cause a delay in establishing lactation.

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17
Q

What challenges do mothers of premature infants face regarding lactation?

A

They may have difficulty establishing lactation.

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18
Q

How does being overweight or obese affect breastfeeding?

A

They are less likely to start breastfeeding and tend to breastfeed for a shorter length of time.

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19
Q

What is the relationship between high-stress levels and lactation?

A

High-stress levels correlate with high cortisol levels, which are necessary for initiating secretory activation.

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20
Q

True or False: Maternal psychological distress can delay secretory activation and decrease the duration of exclusive breastfeeding.

A

True.

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21
Q

What hormone is needed for milk ejection during lactation?

A

Oxytocin.

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22
Q

How can breastfeeding affect maternal distress?

A

It appears to reduce maternal distress through the effects of oxytocin.

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23
Q

What is ‘traumatic childbirth’ defined as?

A

Childbirth characterized by unpleasant experiences that have negative psychological consequences for the mother.

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24
Q

What is the correlation between PTSD and breastfeeding?

A

There is a high correlation between PTSD, traumatic perception of birth, and low breastfeeding self-efficacy.

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25
What can breastfeeding after a traumatic birth trigger?
Flashbacks related to the birth.
26
What can breastfeeding provide for mothers after a traumatic birth experience?
An opportunity to help overcome the traumatic experience.
27
What should be remembered about interventions during labor?
They have far-reaching effects on mother and infant.
28
What are the three stages of lactation?
Lactogenesis I, Lactogenesis II, and Lactogenesis III.
29
What factors can interfere with secretory activation?
Hormonal causes, complications during birth, and maternal psychological distress.
30
What is recognized as best practice immediately following birth?
Skin-to-skin contact between the mother and infant ## Footnote This practice is based on rigorous research and has significant benefits.
31
How long should uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact last after birth?
1 to 2 hours ## Footnote This duration positively impacts physiological and psychosocial aspects of the mother-infant dyad.
32
What are the key elements of immediate skin-to-skin contact?
* No drying * Place the infant widely on the mother's chest * Infant's head free to move and maintain airway * Cover with a dry light blanket * Observation of the dyad is key for safety ## Footnote These elements ensure safe and effective skin-to-skin contact.
33
What position should the mother be in during skin-to-skin contact?
Semi-upright ## Footnote The mother should be neither flat nor fully sitting and must be awake and responsive.
34
How should the infant be positioned during skin-to-skin contact?
Prone ('belly down') on the chest ## Footnote This position allows for easy visibility of the infant's face and ensures airway clearance.
35
What should cover the infant during skin-to-skin contact?
A dry, clean blanket ## Footnote The blanket should not prevent movement down to the breast or obstruct visual assessment.
36
True or False: Skin-to-skin contact is optional after birth.
False ## Footnote It is considered a necessary practice for the well-being of both mother and infant.
37
Fill in the blank: Skin-to-skin contact has a positive impact on the _______ and _______ aspects of the dyad.
[physiological], [psychosocial] ## Footnote These aspects are crucial for the bonding process and overall health.
38
What is the blood glucose level at 90 minutes in skin-to-skin care newborns compared to others?
Significantly higher ## Footnote This indicates improved glucose metabolism in skin-to-skin care.
39
How quickly do newborn preterm infants in skin-to-skin care achieve thermo-cardio-respiratory stability?
Within 6 hours ## Footnote This is in contrast to those in traditional incubator care.
40
How much more likely are full-term babies who spent over 50 minutes in skin-to-skin care to breastfeed spontaneously?
8 times more likely ## Footnote Skin-to-skin care significantly promotes breastfeeding initiation.
41
What is the impact of skin-to-skin care on exclusive breastfeeding rates at 48 hours and 6 weeks postpartum?
Significantly greater rates ## Footnote This includes incidence of any breastfeeding at 1 and 4 months.
42
What is the role of birth attendants in supporting skin-to-skin care?
Support the mother to provide the ideal environment ## Footnote This includes facilitating the mother-infant bond and breastfeeding initiation.
43
Why is uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact important according to birth attendants?
It allows the baby to move through pre-feeding behavior without interruption ## Footnote Observing this behavior can enhance bonding.
44
How does skin-to-skin contact reduce the workload of healthcare staff?
Infant adapts to extrauterine life more quickly ## Footnote This reduces risks of hypothermia and cardio-respiratory instability.
45
What are the benefits of early breastfeeding initiated through skin-to-skin contact?
Stimulates oxytocin release, reducing maternal hemorrhage ## Footnote It also aids in glucose homeostasis.
46
What can be done when there is a concern regarding skin-to-skin care related to the newborn getting cold?
Place the newborn's abdomen directly on the mother's chest ## Footnote This method helps maintain warmth effectively.
47
What is recommended for newborn examinations in skin-to-skin care?
Most examinations can be conducted with the newborn in skin-to-skin contact ## Footnote Vital signs can be monitored without moving the infant.
48
What should be done if the mother needs suturing after birth?
Newborn can stay on the mother's abdomen during suturing ## Footnote This maintains skin-to-skin contact during procedures.
49
What is the impact of delaying the first bath for a newborn?
Better thermoregulation and retention of vernix ## Footnote Vernix retention leads to higher skin hydration and less erythema.
50
What can be done if the delivery room is busy?
Transfer mother and newborn to the postnatal ward while in skin-to-skin contact ## Footnote This maintains the benefits of skin-to-skin care.
51
What should be done if there is insufficient staff to remain with the mother?
A responsible family member can stay with the dyad ## Footnote Routine precautions should be discussed for safety.
52
True or False: If a newborn is sleepy due to maternal medications, skin-to-skin contact is less important.
False ## Footnote Contact is crucial as the infant needs extra support to bond and feed.
53
What can help a tired mother relax after birth?
Contact with the infant ## Footnote Holding the infant can promote bonding and relaxation.
54
What is the first step following birthing that has far-reaching effects on the dyad?
Immediate and undisturbed skin-to-skin contact ## Footnote This is essential for establishing breastfeeding and bonding.
55
What hormones facilitate the bonding process between mothers and their newborns?
Beta-endorphins, oxytocin, and prolactin ## Footnote These hormones enhance the emotional connection.
56
What can affect breastfeeding and maternal care for the baby?
The care received during labor and birth ## Footnote This includes various birth practices and emotional support.
57
What are some birth practices that help mothers feel competent and supported?
* Emotional support during labor * Freedom of movement during labor * Offering light foods and fluids during labor * Avoidance of unnecessary cesarean section * Early mother-infant contact * Facilitating the first feed ## Footnote These practices contribute to a positive birth experience.
58
True or False: Emotional support during labor is important for maternal confidence.
True ## Footnote Emotional support can enhance a mother's sense of control and readiness.
59
Fill in the blank: _______ during labor can help mothers feel in control.
[Freedom of movement] ## Footnote This practice allows mothers to choose positions that may be more comfortable.
60
What is one benefit of early mother-infant contact?
It facilitates bonding and breastfeeding initiation ## Footnote Early contact can enhance the breastfeeding experience.
61
What should be avoided to support effective labor practices?
Unnecessary cesarean section ## Footnote Avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions can lead to better outcomes for both mother and baby.
62
What is the significance of facilitating the first feed?
It promotes successful breastfeeding ## Footnote Early feeding can help establish breastfeeding patterns.
63
What are the most commonly used intrapartum analgesics?
Potent narcotics ## Footnote These analgesics are often used during labor to manage pain.
64
What potential effect do potent narcotics have on newborns?
They can block the newborn's normal reflexes to suckle at the breast within the first hour after birth ## Footnote This can affect breastfeeding initiation.
65
When must opiates be used during labor, what type is preferred?
Shorter-acting opiates are preferred ## Footnote This preference is due to the need to minimize the impact on the newborn.
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