Untitled Deck

Question 1

What are the main components of the respiratory anatomy?

Answer 1

Mouth, nose, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli

These structures work together to facilitate breathing and gas exchange.

Question 2

What is the primary role of the lungs?

Answer 2

Gas exchange

The lungs facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream.

Question 3

Describe the structure of the lungs.

Answer 3

A system of tubes decreasing in size, leading to small air sacs

The tubes include the trachea, bronchus, and bronchiole, ending in alveoli.

Question 4

What happens to air when we breathe?

Answer 4

Air comes in through the mouth and nose, passes into the trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, and finally into the alveoli

This process is essential for gas exchange.

Question 5

What are alveoli?

Answer 5

Small air-filled sacs in the lungs

Alveoli are where gas exchange occurs, surrounded by capillaries.

Question 6

What surrounds the alveoli?

Answer 6

Small blood vessels called capillaries

Capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Whereabouts does gas exchange take place in the lungs

Answer 7

alveoli

Alveoli are crucial for oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer.

Question 8

True or False: The trachea is the final structure in the pathway of air to the alveoli.

Answer 8

False

The pathway continues from the trachea to the bronchus, bronchiole, and then to the alveoli.

Question 10

What are the main components of anatomy in the circulatory system?

Answer 10

Heart, veins, arteries, and blood

These components work together to facilitate circulation.

Question 11

What is the primary function of the physiology of the circulatory system?

Answer 11

Transport chemicals, biological products, and gases around the body

This includes the movement of oxygen and waste products.

Question 12

What is the most important function of the circulatory system?

Answer 12

To carry oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and CO2 from cells to the lungs

This process is vital for cellular respiration.

Question 13

What type of blood do veins carry?

Answer 13

Deoxygenated blood

The only exception is the pulmonary vein.

Question 14

What does the pulmonary vein carry?

Answer 14

Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

This is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood.

Question 15

What is the role of arteries in the circulatory system?

Answer 15

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

The exception is the pulmonary artery.

Question 16

What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry?

Answer 16

Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

This is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood.

Question 17

What is the function of the heart in the circulatory system?

Answer 17

Acts as a pump

It is essential for maintaining blood circulation.

Question 18

What happens to the oxygen content in the blood after donating?

Answer 18

Blood has a lower oxygen content due to there being less red blood cells after donating blood.

This can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

Question 19

What symptoms can arise from iron and water loss due to blood donation?

Answer 19

Light-headedness, fatigue, or nausea.

These symptoms are temporary and usually resolve with proper hydration and nutrition.

Question 20

What is the recommended time period to wait before flying after donating blood?

Answer 20

24 hours after donating blood (48 hours for aerobatic flight).

This waiting period helps ensure the donor’s body has stabilized after the donation.

Question 21

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of Nitrogen (N2)?

Answer 21

78%

Question 22

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of Oxygen (O2)?

Answer 22

21%

Question 23

What percentage of the atmosphere is made up of all other trace gases (not including oxygen and nitrogen)

Answer 23

1%

Question 24

How much does atmospheric pressure decrease for every 30ft of altitude gained?

Answer 24

1hPa

Question 25

At 8,000ft, what is the atmospheric pressure relative to sea level pressure?

Answer 25

¾ of sea level pressure

Question 26

At 18,000ft, what is the atmospheric pressure relative to sea level pressure?

Answer 26

½ of sea level pressure

Question 27

At 33,500ft, what is the atmospheric pressure relative to sea level pressure?

Answer 27

¼ of sea level pressure

Question 28

What is the total pressure of a mixture of gases equal to?

Answer 28

The sum of the partial pressures of each gas present ## Footnote This is known as Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.

Question 29

What is the formula to calculate the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture?

Answer 29

Partial pressure of a gas = Total pressure x Fraction of the gas in the mixture ## Footnote The fraction is the percentage of that gas in the total mixture.

Question 30

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level in mmHg?

Answer 30

760 mmHg ## Footnote This is a standard reference for atmospheric pressure.

Question 31

What percentage of air is composed of Oxygen?

Answer 31

21% ## Footnote This is a standard composition of Earth's atmosphere.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The total pressure of air is equal to the partial pressure of Nitrogen + partial pressure of _______ + partial pressure of all the other gases present.

Answer 32

Oxygen ## Footnote This highlights the main components of air.

Question 33

What is required for oxygen to diffuse from the alveoli into the blood?

Answer 33

A pressure gradient ## Footnote The pressure gradient is established by the difference in partial pressure of oxygen between the alveoli and the blood.

Question 34

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?

Answer 34

104 mmHg ## Footnote This value indicates the concentration of oxygen available for diffusion into the blood.

Question 35

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere at sea level?

Answer 35

160 mmHg ## Footnote This is the standard atmospheric pressure of oxygen at sea level.

Question 36

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood?

Answer 36

30 - 40 mmHg ## Footnote This range indicates the lower oxygen content in the blood returning to the lungs.

Question 37

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood?

Answer 37

75 - 100 mmHg ## Footnote This range reflects the oxygen levels in blood after it has been oxygenated in the lungs.

Question 38

True or False: The partial pressure of oxygen is low in the alveoli compared to the blood of the pulmonary capillaries.

Answer 38

False ## Footnote The partial pressure of oxygen is high in the alveoli, facilitating diffusion into the blood.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries is _______.

Answer 39

Low ## Footnote This low pressure allows for the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood.

Question 40

What is hypoxia?

Answer 40

A lack of oxygen to the brain, preventing normal brain function ## Footnote Hypoxia can lead to serious cognitive impairments and loss of consciousness.

Question 41

What causes hypoxia in an aviation context?

Answer 41

Flying above 10,000ft without using supplemental oxygen ## Footnote At higher altitudes, the atmospheric pressure decreases, reducing the partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 42

What happens to the oxygen supply above 10,000ft?

Answer 42

It becomes insufficient due to reduced atmospheric pressure ## Footnote Oxygen levels drop significantly, making it difficult for the brain to function properly.

Question 43

How can hypoxia be prevented?

Answer 43

Using supplemental oxygen above 10,000ft ## Footnote Supplemental oxygen helps maintain adequate oxygen levels in the body.

Question 44

What is the primary treatment for hypoxia?

Answer 44

Go on supplemental oxygen and descend below 10,000ft ## Footnote Immediate descent and oxygen supplementation are critical for recovery.

Question 45

List factors that affect the likelihood of suffering hypoxia.

Answer 45

* Fatigue * Age * Physical fitness * Alcohol & drug use * Rate of climb * Duration at altitude * Sickness (such as a cold/flu) * Anemia * G maneuvers * Temperature of cabin ## Footnote These factors can exacerbate the effects of reduced oxygen levels.