Untitled Deck

Question 1

What is a Monomer?

Answer 1

One small chemical unit that makes up a polymer.

Question 2

What is a Polymer?

Answer 2

Large compounds formed from combinations of many monomers.

Question 3

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Type of molecule that is the primary source of energy for all organisms.

Question 4

What is a Monosaccharide?

Answer 4

Single sugar molecule.

Question 5

What is a Polysaccharide?

Answer 5

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis.

Question 6

What is a Lipid?

Answer 6

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 7

What is a Nucleic acid?

Answer 7

Macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus (CHNOPS).

Question 8

What is a Nucleotide?

Answer 8

Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base; store and transmit genetic info.

Question 9

What is Ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

Answer 9

Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose necessary to make proteins.

Question 10

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Answer 10

Double stranded molecule that carries the genetic code of an organism.

Question 11

What is a Protein?

Answer 11

An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells.

Question 12

What is an Amino Acid?

Answer 12

Monomer of Protein.

Question 13

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 13

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.

Question 14

What is a Saturated Fatty Acid?

Answer 14

A hydrocarbon chain that consists of carbon atoms connected with single bonds and the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

Question 15

What is an Unsaturated Fatty Acid?

Answer 15

A fatty acid that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon tail and therefore has fewer hydrogen atoms attached.

Question 16

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

Immediate/Quick Energy.

Question 17

What is the Monomer of Carbohydrates?

Answer 17

Monosaccharides.

Question 18

What is Fructose?

Answer 18

Simple sugar found in fruits.

Question 19

What is the most common monosaccharide on Earth?

Answer 19

Glucose.

Question 20

What do Simple Sugars include?

Answer 20

Monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Question 21

What is a Disaccharide?

Answer 21

Sugar consisting of 2 bonded monosaccharides.

Question 22

What is Sucrose?

Answer 22

A disaccharide; Table sugar.

Question 23

What is Lactose?

Answer 23

A disaccharide; Found in dairy.

Question 24

What process is used to join monosaccharides together to create bigger molecules?

Answer 24

Dehydration Synthesis.

Question 25

What is Starch?

Answer 25

Polysaccharide of plants used to store energy.

Question 26

What is Glycogen?

Answer 26

A polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals used as short term energy storage.

Question 27

What is Cellulose?

Answer 27

Polysaccharide found in plant-cell walls.

Question 28

What is Chitin?

Answer 28

Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls; contains N for added strength.

Question 29

What process is used to break disaccharides & polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

Answer 29

Hydrolysis.

Question 30

What is the molecule necessary to build or break biomolecules?

Answer 30

Enzyme.

Question 31

What are the elements found in carbohydrates?

Answer 31

C (carbon) - H (hydrogen) - O (oxygen).

Question 32

What does ~ose indicate in carbohydrate names?

Answer 32

Carbohydrate names often end with ~ose.

Question 33

What is the primary function of lipids?

Answer 33

Long term energy storage.

Question 34

What is the general description of a Lipid?

Answer 34

Large, flexible, insoluble in water.

Question 35

What lipid provides protection from water?

Answer 35

Wax; Monoglyceride.

Question 36

What is the structure of a Triglyceride?

Answer 36

Glycerol head + 3 fatty acid tails.

Question 37

What does a Triglyceride provide?

Answer 37

Cushioning & Insulation.

Question 38

What does a Triglyceride provide for energy storage?

Answer 38

Long term energy storage.

Question 39

What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

Answer 39

Phospholipid.

Question 40

What does Hydrophilic mean?

Answer 40

Attracted to water.

Question 41

What does Hydrophobic mean?

Answer 41

Repels water.

Question 42

How would you describe the head of a phospholipid?

Answer 42

Polar (not shared equally) & Hydrophilic (attracted to water).

Question 43

How would you describe the fatty acid tail of a phospholipid?

Answer 43

Nonpolar (shared equally) & Hydrophobic (repels water).

Question 44

What are Steroids made of?

Answer 44

Made of 4 carbon rings.

Question 45

What is Cholesterol?

Answer 45

Helps to stabilize the cell membrane; found between phospholipids.

Question 46

What are examples of lipid hormones?

Answer 46

Estrogen & Testosterone.

Question 47

What can Estrogen, Testosterone, and Cholesterol be classified as?

Answer 47

Steroid.

Question 48

How many calories per gram of lipid digested?

Answer 48

9.

Question 49

What is a Saturated Fatty Acid?

Answer 49

A fatty acid with only single carbon-to-carbon bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 50

What is an Unsaturated Fatty Acid?

Answer 50

A fatty acid with one or more double bonds between Carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain.

Question 51

What are foods high in fat?

Answer 51

Butter, Oils, Red Meat, Bacon, Fried foods.

Question 52

What are foods with healthier unsaturated fats?

Answer 52

Fish, Avocado, Olive Oil.