What is the Internet?
A global network connecting millions of computers to share information
The Internet provides the infrastructure for various services, including the World Wide Web.
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
A collection of web pages accessed via the Internet
The WWW operates on the infrastructure provided by the Internet.
What does a URL uniquely identify?
The address of a web resource
A URL consists of protocol, domain name, and path.
Fill in the blank: A URL structure includes Protocol, Domain name, and _______.
Path
Example of a URL structure: https://www.example.com/folder/page.html.
What does HTTP stand for?
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTP defines rules for transferring web pages.
What is the main difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTPS includes encryption using SSL/TLS for security
HTTPS protects sensitive information such as passwords and online payments.
What is a web browser?
Software used to access, retrieve, and display web pages
Examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and Safari.
What are the functions of a browser?
- Interpret HTML, CSS, and scripts
- Manage tabs, bookmarks, and browsing history
- Store cached pages for faster access
A browser is different from a search engine.
Describe the process when a user enters a URL.
- Browser sends a request to a DNS server
- DNS translates domain name into an IP address
- Request sent via HTTP/HTTPS to web server
- Server sends back the web page
- Browser renders the page to the user
Understand the roles of DNS, web server, and client browser.
What are cookies?
Small data files stored by websites on a user’s device
Cookies are used to store user preferences and track browsing activity.
What are the uses of cookies?
- Store user preferences and login sessions
- Track browsing activity for analytics or advertising
Cookies provide convenience and a personalized experience.
What are the risks associated with cookies?
Privacy concerns and data tracking
Users should understand cookie consent and privacy rights.
What are Session Cookies?
- Used temporarily while visiting a website
- Keep track of user actions
- Stored only in temporary memory
- Automatically deleted when the browser is closed
Purpose: maintain the continuity of a browsing session.
What are Persistent Cookies?
- Remember login details and preferences
- Stored on the hard drive until expiry or manual deletion
- Continue to function after the browser is closed
They eliminate the need to re-enter login details every visit.
True or false: Persistent cookies are automatically deleted when the browser is closed.
FALSE
Persistent cookies remain until their expiry date is reached or they are manually deleted.
