How do archaeologists believe the early people arrived in America?
Crossed a land bridge called Beringia
This land bridge connected Asia and North America during the last Ice Age.
Why did early people migrate to America?
- Nomads - move place to place following food
- Hunted mammoths and mastodons
Their migration was driven by the search for resources.
Compare and Contrast the 3 Great Civilizations of the Americas.
- Maya: Central America, 365-day calendar, pyramids
- Aztec: Mexico, floating gardens (chinampas), causeways
- Inca: South America, terrace farming
Each civilization had unique achievements and locations.
Why do Native American tribes develop different cultures?
Native Americans had to adapt to their environment
For example, the Iroquois used forests for longhouses, while the Cherokee had different homes for seasons.
What did the Sioux Native Americans use the buffalo for?
- Food
- Shelter
- Clothing
The buffalo was central to their way of life.
What was the purpose of the Iroquois Confederacy?
To bring peace to the 5 tribes
Hiwatha created a wampum belt to represent the Confederacy.
What impact did the Crusades have on trade in Europe?
- Holy war for control of Jerusalem
- Discovery of exotic goods
- Increase in trade with Asia
Europeans sought to trade for silks and spices.
How did each of the new technologies make navigation easier?
- Compass: determines direction
- Astrolabe: gives latitude based on the stars
- Caravel: new ship with triangular sails
These innovations improved maritime exploration.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The trading of foods, plants, and animals between Europe and America
It introduced new foods to Europe and new animals to America.
What was the major impact of the Columbian Exchange on Native Americans?
- Enslaved and forced to do hard labor
- Forced to convert to Christianity
- Exposure to diseases
Thousands of Native Americans died due to lack of immunity.
Compare and contrast Spanish and French exploration.
- Spanish: South America, Gold, Glory, God, harsh treatment of Natives
- French: Canada and Northern US, fur trade, friendly treatment of Natives
Their motivations and interactions with Native Americans differed significantly.
What was the first permanent English colony?
Jamestown
John Smith’s leadership and tobacco cultivation were key to its success.
What is the Virginia House of Burgesses?
First representative government in America
It established a legislature that made laws through elected representatives.
Who are Separatists and why did they come to North America?
- Escaped religious persecution in England
- Sought religious freedom
They settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact?
Stated that everyone would obey the laws
It was the first form of self-government in America.
