Untitled Deck

Question 1

John Marshall

Answer 1

Chief Justice (1801–1835) who strengthened federal power and the Supreme Court’s authority.

Question 2

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 2

Established judicial review — the Court can strike down unconstitutional laws.

Question 3

Fletcher v. Peck

Answer 3

Protected contracts from state interference; limited state power.

Question 4

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Answer 4

States cannot change private charters; protected businesses and contracts.

Question 5

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 5

Upheld national bank; states cannot tax the federal government; strengthened federal authority.

Question 6

Cohens v. Virginia

Answer 6

Supreme Court can review state court decisions; expanded judicial power.

Question 7

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 7

Only Congress can regulate interstate commerce; boosted federal economic control.

Question 8

Virginia Dynasty

Answer 8

Three early presidents from Virginia; showed early Southern political dominance.

Question 9

Tariff of 1816

Answer 9

First protective tariff to support American industry.

Question 10

Henry Clay’s American System

Answer 10

Bank + tariffs + internal improvements → aimed to unify the economy.

Question 11

Panic of 1819

Answer 11

First major depression; damaged trust in the national bank.

Question 12

Daniel Webster (1824 vs 1828)

Answer 12

Shifted from nationalist to defender of Northern industrial interests.

Question 13

John C. Calhoun (1812 vs 1828)

Answer 13

Shifted from nationalist to leading Southern states’ rights/slavery defender.

Question 14

Missouri Compromise

Answer 14

Missouri slave, Maine free; 36°30’ line; temporary fix to slavery expansion.

Question 15

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 15

Proposed ending slavery gradually in Missouri; triggered sectional conflict.

Question 16

Sectionalism

Answer 16

Loyalty to region (North, South, West) over nation.

Question 17

Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)

Answer 17

U.S. gained Florida from Spain; expanded territory.

Question 18

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Answer 18

Europe must stay out of the Americas; U.S. asserts hemispheric influence.

Question 19

Old Northwest

Answer 19

Midwest region; became main farming area.

Question 20

John Deere

Answer 20

Invented the steel plow; improved Midwest farming.

Question 21

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 21

Invented mechanical reaper; increased grain production.

Question 22

Lancaster Turnpike

Answer 22

Early toll road; improved overland transportation.

Question 23

National/Cumberland Road

Answer 23

First federal highway connecting East and West.

Question 24

Erie Canal

Answer 24

Linked Great Lakes to NYC; huge trade boom.

Question 25

Robert Fulton

Answer 25

Invented steamboat; faster river transportation.

Question 26

Railroads

Answer 26

Revolutionized travel; opened new markets.

Question 27

Samuel F.B. Morse / Telegraph

Answer 27

Allowed instant long-distance communication.

Question 28

Eli Whitney

Answer 28

Cotton gin + interchangeable parts; boosted slavery and industry.

Question 29

Factory System

Answer 29

Workers and machines in one place; start of U.S. industrialization.

Question 30

Lowell System

Answer 30

Employed young women in textile mills with housing.

Question 31

Universal White Male Suffrage

Answer 31

All white men could vote; expanded democracy.

Question 32

Nominating party conventions

Answer 32

Party members selected candidates; more democratic.

Question 33

Popular election of the electors

Answer 33

Voters choose Electoral College electors.

Question 34

Two-Party System

Answer 34

Democrats vs. Whigs; organized political competition.

Question 35

Rise of Third Parties

Answer 35

New parties brought additional issues (Anti-Masons, etc.).

Question 36

Elected Offices

Answer 36

More government roles became elected — expanded popular control.

Question 37

Popular Campaigning

Answer 37

Rallies, parades, slogans; politics became mass involvement.

Question 38

Spoils System

Answer 38

Giving jobs to loyal supporters; increased corruption but grew parties.

Question 39

Election of 1824

Answer 39

No majority; House chose J.Q. Adams; Democratic-Republican split.

Question 40

“Corrupt Bargain”

Answer 40

Jackson accused Adams/Clay of trading votes for office.

Question 41

President John Quincy Adams

Answer 41

Nationalist president; weakened by corruption accusations.

Question 42

“Tariff of Abominations”

Answer 42

High tariff hated by the South; led to Nullification Crisis.

Question 43

The Revolution of 1828

Answer 43

Jackson’s landslide victory; rise of mass democracy.

Question 44

Peggy Eaton Affair

Answer 44

Cabinet conflict over Peggy Eaton; split the cabinet; helped Van Buren.

Question 45

Indian Removal Act

Answer 45

Forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi.

Question 46

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Answer 46

Cherokee were a “dependent nation” and couldn’t sue.

Question 47

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 47

States couldn't interfere on Cherokee land; Jackson ignored ruling.

Question 48

Trail of Tears

Answer 48

Forced Cherokee march; thousands died.

Question 49

Nullification Crisis

Answer 49

SC tried to nullify tariffs; state vs. federal showdown.

Question 50

Proclamation to the People of South Carolina

Answer 50

Jackson declared nullification illegal and treasonous.

Question 51

Pet Banks

Answer 51

State banks Jackson used after killing the national bank; unstable currency.

Question 52

Specie Circular

Answer 52

Land must be bought with gold/silver; worsened economic problems.

Question 53

Panic of 1837

Answer 53

Economic crisis caused by speculation and Jackson’s policies.

Question 54

Election of 1836

Answer 54

Van Buren (Democrat) beat multiple Whig candidates.

Question 55

Democrats vs. Whigs

Answer 55

Democrats = small gov & farmers; Whigs = strong gov & industry.