What was the primary naval reliance of America during the Revolutionary War?
French Navy
America had no navy and relied on the French Navy for support.
What issues did the United States face with Great Britain regarding reparations?
Great Britain owed the US over $2 billion
This debt was related to the Civil War and British sympathies towards the American South.
What was the role of arbitration in the disputes between the US and Great Britain?
Settlement of a dispute by an impartial group
The US had gone through arbitration with Great Britain twice before.
Who arranged for another round of arbitration between the US and Great Britain?
Secretary of State Hamilton Fish
This round of arbitration resulted in the US being awarded $15.5 million.
What did Captain Alfred T. Mahan advocate for in his writings?
Development of a new steel navy
His book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783, influenced naval strategy.
What did Mahan believe about the relationship between industrial strength and naval power?
Nations should look outward as they developed industrial strength
He argued that great nations built foreign markets and navies to protect their interests.
What was established in 1881 to improve the US Navy?
Naval Advisory Board
This board was a sign that Congress intended to create a competitive navy.
What was the outcome of Congress’s actions in 1883 regarding naval construction?
Authorized construction of 1 cruiser and 3 battleships
This marked the beginning of significant naval expansion.
What factors contributed to American Imperialism in the late 19th century?
- Desire for overseas expansion
- Agricultural and industrial production boom
- Labor disputes and unrest
- Influence of yellow journalism
Farmers and factory owners believed overseas markets could relieve domestic pressures.
How did Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge interpret Social Darwinism?
The earth belonged to the strong and fit
This belief fueled imperialist ambitions.
What was James G. Blaine’s ‘Big Sister’ policy aimed at?
Strengthening ties with Latin American countries
This policy resulted in the first Pan-American Conference in 1889.
True or false: The rise of the Navy in the US was unrelated to desires for expansion.
FALSE
The rise of the Navy coincided with a desire for overseas expansion.
What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board (WIB)?
Mass production and standardizing products
Chaired by Bernard Baruch, the WIB aimed to eliminate waste and streamline production.
Who chaired the War Industries Board (WIB)?
Bernard Baruch
He played a key role in overseeing the mass production efforts during World War I.
What was the increase in production attributed to the War Industries Board (WIB)?
20%
This increase was part of efforts to streamline production and eliminate waste.
True or false: Retail prices during World War I approximately doubled compared to pre-war prices.
TRUE
Price fixing by the WIB was only on a wholesale basis.
What were the conservation measures instituted by the Railroad Administration and Fuel Administration?
- Gasless Sundays
- Lightless nights
- Daylight Savings Time
Daylight Savings Time was proposed by Ben Franklin.
What was the impact of the war on wages and consumer goods?
Wages rose but were undercut by increased costs of consumer goods and housing
This led to a disparity in the economic benefits of the war.
What was the purpose of the National War Labor Board established in 1918?
- Workers who went on strike could lose their draft exemption
- Pushed for 8-hour workday
- Child labor ban
- Mandatory safety inspections
The board aimed to maintain labor peace during the war.
Who chaired the Food Administration during World War I?
Herbert Hoover
He focused on conserving and producing food without rationing.
What was the gospel of the clean plate?
A campaign to conserve food without rationing
It included themed days like ‘meatless’ and ‘wheatless’.
What was the Great Migration?
Large scale movement of southern African Americans north
This was driven by job opportunities and less discrimination.
What did the Espionage Act and Sedition Act allow for?
Fines and imprisonment for interfering with the war effort
Violated the 1st amendment rights.
What was the impact of the influenza epidemic in 1918?
500 million infected; approximately 50 million dead
It devastated the US economy and led to significant public health measures.
