Soviet union > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Why did the Provisional Government lack legitimacy?

A

Unelected government

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2
Q

What undermined the authority of the Provisional Government?

A

Dual Power with Soviets

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3
Q

How did WWI weaken the Provisional Government?

A

Military defeat, desertion

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4
Q

Why did land reform failure destabilise Russia in 1917?

A

Peasants seized land independently

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5
Q

What economic problems faced the Provisional Government?

A

Inflation, food shortages

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6
Q

Why was the Kornilov Affair damaging?

A

Government discredited, Bolsheviks strengthened

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7
Q

Main reason PG failed to stabilise Russia

A

War + structural weakness

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8
Q

How did the Civil War increase centralisation?

A

Emergency powers became permanent

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9
Q

Which institution symbolised Civil War repression?

A

Cheka

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10
Q

How did the Civil War shape political culture?

A

Intolerance of opposition

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11
Q

Economic legacy of the Civil War

A

War Communism then NEP

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12
Q

How did the Civil War shape the Red Army?

A

Discipline, hierarchy

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13
Q

Overall impact of Civil War on USSR

A

Authoritarian system entrenched

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14
Q

What was the NEP?

A

Limited market economy

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15
Q

Political system under NEP

A

One-party rule

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16
Q

Economic success of NEP

A

Agricultural recovery

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17
Q

Social problem created by NEP

A

Inequality

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18
Q

What caused the 1927–28 grain crisis?

A

Peasant grain withholding

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19
Q

Why did Stalin abandon the NEP?

A

Industrialisation, control

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20
Q

Main reason NEP ended

A

Political not economic failure

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21
Q

Legal rights gained by women in 1920s

A

Divorce, abortion, equality

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22
Q

Role of Zhenotdel

A

Female education, mobilisation

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23
Q

Why were social changes limited for women?

A

Domestic burden remained

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24
Q

Where was resistance to women’s rights strongest?

A

Rural areas

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25
What happened to women’s rights late 1920s?
Reversal, pro-family policy
26
Overall assessment of women’s rights
Legal gains, social limits
27
How did Stalin control the party after Lenin’s death?
General Secretary role
28
Why was ideology less important than power?
Party machinery control
29
Why did Trotsky lose the power struggle?
Isolation, poor alliances
30
Effect of the ban on factions
Opposition weakened
31
How did Stalin defeat rivals?
Temporary alliances
32
Key factor in Stalin’s victory
Institutional power
33
What ended the NEP permanently?
Great Break
34
Main aim of First Five-Year Plan
Rapid industrialisation
35
Industrial priority under Five-Year Plans
Heavy industry
36
Purpose of collectivisation
Grain extraction
37
Human cost of Great Break
Famine, repression
38
Political impact of Great Break
Expansion of state terror
39
Historical significance of Great Break
Foundation of Stalinism
40
What was the GULAG?
Labour camp system
41
Main functions of the GULAG
Punishment and labour
42
Who was sent to the GULAG?
Political enemies, minorities
43
Economic role of the GULAG
Mining, infrastructure
44
Political role of the GULAG
Enforce obedience
45
Why was GULAG prominent under Stalin?
Central to control
46
How did WWII mobilise Soviet society?
Total militarisation
47
Effect of war on Stalin’s legitimacy
Strengthened leadership image
48
Ideological shift during the war
Russian nationalism
49
Economic impact of the war
Severe destruction
50
Post-war international status of USSR
Superpower
51
Overall effect of Great Patriotic War
State power strengthened
52
What was Stalin’s cult of personality?
Leader worship
53
Purpose of the cult
Legitimise rule
54
How did propaganda support the cult?
Infallible image
55
Why did Khrushchev attack the cult?
Expose terror
56
What did the Secret Speech criticise?
Stalin’s methods
57
Limit of de-Stalinisation
System preserved
58
Political reforms under Khrushchev
De-Stalinisation
59
Economic reforms under Khrushchev
Decentralisation
60
Agricultural policy under Khrushchev
Virgin Lands
61
Social reforms under Khrushchev
Housing expansion
62
Reasons Khrushchev lost support
Instability, failures
63
Why Khrushchev was removed
Elite opposition
64
Ideological cause of Cold War
Capitalism vs communism
65
Security concern of USSR
Fear of invasion
66
Role of power politics in Cold War
Spheres of influence
67
Economic dimension of Cold War
System competition
68
Main driver of Cold War
Security over ideology
69
Strength of Soviet economy
Rapid industrial growth
70
Employment feature of Soviet system
Full employment
71
Military benefit of Soviet economy
High output
72
Weakness: efficiency
Low productivity
73
Weakness: innovation
Technological lag
74
Weakness: consumers
Shortages
75
Overall assessment of Soviet economy
Strong early, weak long-term
76
Military superpower status of USSR
Nuclear parity
77
Political influence of USSR
Eastern Bloc leadership
78
Ideological reach of USSR
Global socialism
79
Economic weakness in 1960s–70s
Stagnation
80
Soft power limitation
Low living standards
81
Overall superpower status
Military strong, economic weak
82
Gorbachev’s main aim
Reform socialism
83
Economic reform under Gorbachev
Perestroika
84
Political reform under Gorbachev
Glasnost
85
Problem created by glasnost
Loss of control
86
Role of nationalism in collapse
Republic independence
87
Why Gorbachev failed
System destabilised
Soviet union
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