Untitled Class > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Defining Jazz

A

-aural art, some thing can’t be defined

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2
Q

time and place of Jazz origin

A

NOLA, beginning 20th century

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3
Q

4 primary views on jazz definition

A

music associated with jazz tradition; projects jazz swing feeling; improv performance; improv+jazz (but how to define how much/define swing)

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4
Q

jazz is (TMIJ)

A

musical convo; music of present moment; newcomer; born out of black experience in America; embraced worldwide; own unique art form; relatively complex; about feeling

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5
Q

melody

A

what we sing/horizontal aspect (linear)

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6
Q

harmony

A

chord = harmonies (changes); vertical

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7
Q

rythm

A

pattern of events organized in time; beat = steady recurring pulse (group pulse= measure); pattern of sound and silence

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8
Q

scale

A

key

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9
Q

diatonic

A

by step

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10
Q

syncopation

A

use of rests, short notes, ties (omit strong beat)

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11
Q

wind in jazz

A

brass ( cornet, trumpet, trombone, tuba, sousaphone)
woodwinds/reeds (clarinet, flute, saxophone)

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12
Q

cornet vs trumpet

A

cornet more compact than conical, shorter mouthpiece, deeper cup, more mellow

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13
Q

freddie green

A

rythm guitar

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14
Q

american folk music

A

trad music, trad folk music, contemporary folk, roots

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15
Q

spirituals

A

African american w/ christian, monophone and a cappela antecedents of blues

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16
Q

work songs

A

cowboy, railroad, industrial, agricultural

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17
Q

regional music

A

appalachian, railroad, oklahoma, TX

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18
Q

blues

A

1890s, no harmonic structure, (vocal music and tradition of slaves from West Africa), based on european harmonic structure&African call and response; no resemblence to melodic styles of west african griots; no specific african musical form direct ancestors of the blues; elements of mistrel shows, negro spirituals; close to ragtime

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19
Q

mistrelsy

A

american entertainment early 19th century, mass comunication for music, 3 act structure

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20
Q

dance music

A

19th century, waltz/polka/mazurka/2stpe/cakewalk

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21
Q

ragtime

A

one step or the rag, simple easy to learn; Vernon and Irene castle; animal dances, argentine tango, brazilian, piano idion from midwest african american, 1897, piano rolls, rom rurpin, little improv, brass band march, Scott Joplin (piano and composer, ragtime opera ( a guest of honor)

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22
Q

NOLA

A

jazz birthplace, big music tradition, late 1800s big on pleasure/indulgence, creole (french+Spanish) –> Jim Crow laws, merge w/ African american; Storyville (red light, musicians, closed 1917); NOLA Jazz: brass band tradition, front line = cornet, clarinet trombone, rythm = tuba, drum, piano, banjo, guitar, syncoparing/use bluse/improc/mutes and growling, group»individual

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23
Q

Buddy Bolden

A

first jazz musician (cornet); louder bolder more innovative; created big 4 (accent 2 and 4); loved in Storyville; got into heavy drinking, went to LA insane asylum

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24
Q

Joe King Oliver

A

mutes/tonal manipulation; Creole jazz band, mentor Louis Armstrong, stoptime

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25
Original DixieLand Jazz Band
white NOLA musicians who learned from black NOLA musicians, 1915 Chicago, first instrumental jazz recordings
26
The beginnings of jazz
West African Music, slave experience, american experience, 19th century american music, african american folk music tradtion, ragtime
27
Louis Armstrong
1st great jazz soloist, trumpet and vocals, work in storyville --> chicago 1922 w/ king oliver and marries Lil'Hardin (piano) --> NY Fletcher Henderson---> Hot5and Hot7 group recordings, NOLA players, influence all popular jaxx; great innovator, 2x, and expanded upper register, fast vibrato, attractive swing sense, scat vocals; --> Luis Russel Orchestra (later Louis Armstrong Orchestra), 1940s All Stars, Dina is big hit in 1933!; Hello Polly, what a wonderful world
28
Great Migration
transform chicago 1916-1970; cabarets dancehalls speakeasies, informal jams, 1928 gov sweeps away illegal--> NY!
29
chicago style
sax and clarinet interchange, sax standard, more string bass (replace tuba), trumpet replace cornet, bye banjo for piano and drum and bass, more solo improv, more written music
30
Austin High Gang (1920s)
6 kids hear NOLA Rythm Kings, visit Louis Armstrong
31
Jelly Roll Morton
born NOLA, Storyville, to Chicago, 1st jazz composer/arranger, polished well rehearsed performance mix ragtime w blues flavored NOLA, perfectionist, fell out flavor 1940; creole; claimed to invent jazz (didn't);, piano
32
Benny Goodman
chicago born clarinet, Kind of Swing, 1st to integrate band (help by John Hammond), 1938 Carnegie Hall, good improv solos, polished and inventive arrangements (for Fletcher Henderson, Eddie Sauter), Let's Dance broadcast --> tour w/ final success @ Palomar Ballroom (unofficial beginning of Swing Era),
33
NOLA
in early 1800s most cosmopolitan and musical city; part of slave trade still; slaves improvised to survive; collapse of reconstruction after civil war --> sharecropping and KKK and Jim Crow;
34
Musical Melting Pot
from black piano players in midwest --> ragtime from African American spirituals and minstrels, european folk, military marches, was syncopated; young people liked cause parents didn't; from Mississippi people fleeing Jim Crow --> blues, simple , 3 chords in 12 bar sequences, profane twin of Black Baptist (call and response, shouts, moans) ..... mix spiritual of church and secular of blues
35
Congo Square
slaves can sing and dance every sunday here; percussive and complex rythm; mostly from West Indies (carribean pulse) or from South (bringing spirituals and work songs from baptists);
36
Jim Crow Laws
segregation laws; got to NOLA around 1890; separate but equal; creole people became black overnight --> level of technical fluency changed the music;
37
Mistrelsy
plantation songs; racial stereotypes; whites as black; 1840s beginning; early television; first universal entertainment type; music, comedy, and sophistication; Daddy Rice wrote the first one based on Jim Crow
38
Ragtime
black midwest piano players -- African American spirituals/mistrel songs, european folk, military marches
39
Sidney Bechet
creole child progidy, bravado, blues out of horn, clarinet, traveled around
40
Edward Kid Ory
jazz trombone, first african american jazz record
41
Storyville
red light district new orleans; jazz was not puritan; didn't hide anything; sporting houses, clubs
42
black and creole
free people, creoles of color; mix of spanish and french with black wives/mistresses; creoles classically trained musicians good dance music;
43
James Reese Europe
led orchestra for Castles, played for Rockefellers and Astors NYC, The Memphis Blues for Foxtrot, Clef Club Symphony orchestra one of first big black musician unions, infantry band jazz+syncopation abroad
44
the original dixieland jazz band
One Step, recorded jazz, first jazz most americans heard
45
Will Marion Cook
NY musical theater, Southern Syncopated Orchestra (sidney bechett)
46
Paul Whiteman
Kind of Jazz, symphonic jazz -- elements from jazz rythms, blues, classical harmony and melody
47
Harlem Stride Piano
ragtime roots + NOLA jazz, piano battles/cutting conteset, idea exchange; left hand band and forth right hand familiar melody for improv and swing
48
james P johnson
father of harlem stride piano, love cutting contest, composed classical and broadway, Carolina Shout
49
Willie the Lion SMith
influenced by Johnson, flambouyant cigar and derby hate, influence Duke Ellington, wrote infued with classical feeling
50
Thomas Wright Fats Waller
Johnson protege, singer entertainer compose broadway songs, team up with andy razaf
51
Boogie Woogie Piano
Honky Tonk rooted in Blues, players from south and midwest involved with NY, self trained, exciting dance rythm, AAB blues form,
52
Meade Lux Lewis
Honky Tonk Train Blues, chicago born, boogie woogie, discovered by john hammond
53
Clarence Pine Top smith
one of 1st boogie woogie piano solos, dance directions, accompanied by mamie smith
54
new kind of jazz
middle class, big band, full range of sax, written, drummer expanded with cymbals, bass replace tuba, collective improv dying, more technical
55
Fletcher Henderson
band leader, arranger, pianist, led dance band at Roseland Ballroom (NY) w Coleman Hawkins and Louis Armstrong, 1st jazz big band in NY,
56
Coleman Hawkins
one of 1st great tenor sax soloist, loner, influenced by Armostrong, 1st bebop recording
57
Duke Ellington
composer, arranger, pianist, band leader, Soda Fountain Rag, Kentucky Club, Cotton Club, focus on sound of each musician, Jungle Music, individualized writing
58
Mary Lou Williams
pianist, composer, arranger, mentored many, wrote 4 Duke Benny Tommy dorsey
59
Kansas city jazz
Tom Pendergast allow speakeasys w club distric downtown (territory bands)
60
Ma Rainey
mother of blues, Rabbit Foot Mistrels, mento Bessie Smith
61
Bessie Smith
Empress of the blues, traveling shows, good reception @ Apollo theater
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