FTP
Full Name: File Transfer Protocol
Port(s): 20 (Data), 21 (Control)
Function: Transfers files between a client and server.
Note: Unencrypted (cleartext); sends login credentials in plain text.
SSH
Full Name: Secure Shell
Port(s): 22
Function: Cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. Used for secure remote login and SFTP.
SFTP
Full Name: Secure File Transfer Protocol (SSH File Transfer Protocol)
Port(s): 22
Function: Provides file access, transfer, and management over an encrypted SSH tunnel.
Telnet
Full Name: Telecommunication Network
Port(s): 23
Function: Early remote login protocol used to manage devices locally.
Note: Sends all data, including passwords, in plain text (insecure).
SMTP
Full Name: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Port(s): 25
Function: Standard protocol for sending emails across the internet.
DNS
Full Name: Domain Name System
Port(s): 53
Function: Translates human-readable domain names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses. Uses UDP for standard queries and TCP for large transfers (like zone transfers).
DHCP
Full Name: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Port(s): 67 (Server), 68 (Client)
Function: Automates the assignment of IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways, and other network parameters.
TFTP
Full Name: Trivial File Transfer Protocol
Port(s): 69
Function: A simplified version of FTP with no authentication or directory browsing. Used for booting diskless workstations or transferring configuration files.
HTTP
Full Name: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Port(s): 80
Function: Foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. Sends data in plain text.
POP3
Full Name: Post Office Protocol version 3
Port(s): 110
Function: Retrieving emails from a server. Downloads emails to the local client and (typically) deletes them from the server.
NTP
Full Name: Network Time Protocol
Port(s): 123
Function: Synchronizes clocks of computer systems over a network. Critical for log management and authentication security.
IMAP
Full Name: Internet Message Access Protocol
Port(s): 143
Function: Retrieving emails from a server. Keeps emails on the server, allowing synchronization across multiple devices.
SNMP
Full Name: Simple Network Management Protocol
Port(s): 161 (Agents/Polling), 162 (Traps)
Function: Collects and organizes information about managed devices (routers, switches) on IP networks.
LDAP
Full Name: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Port(s): 389
Function: Accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services (like Microsoft Active Directory) over an IP network.
HTTPS
Full Name: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
Port(s): 443
Function: Secure version of HTTP. Encrypts communication using SSL/TLS to protect sensitive data.
SMB
Full Name: Server Message Block
Port(s): 445
Function: Network file sharing protocol used (primarily by Windows) to read/write files and request services from server programs.
Syslog
Full Name: System Logging Protocol
Port(s): 514
Function: Standard for sending log messages (event notification) to a central logging server.
LDAPS
Full Name: LDAP Secure
Port(s): 636
Function: Secure version of LDAP encrypted with SSL/TLS.
IMAPS
Full Name: IMAP Secure
Port(s): 993
Function: Secure email retrieval using SSL/TLS encryption.
POP3S
Full Name: POP3 Secure
Port(s): 995
Function: Secure email retrieval using SSL/TLS encryption.
SQL Server
Full Name: Structured Query Language Server (Microsoft)
Port(s): 1433
Function: Protocol used by Microsoft SQL database servers to manage queries.
MySQL
Full Name: MySQL Database
Port(s): 3306
Function: Protocol used by MySQL database servers.
RDP
Full Name: Remote Desktop Protocol
Port(s): 3389
Function: Proprietary Microsoft protocol that provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection.
SIP
Full Name: Session Initiation Protocol
Port(s): 5060 (Unencrypted), 5061 (Encrypted/TLS)
Function: Signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time sessions like Voice over IP (VoIP) and video.
