Exam 2/17/26 > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Network

A

Two or more devices connected to share resources such as files, printers, applications, and internet access.

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2
Q

LAN (Local Area Network)

A

A privately owned network covering a small area like a home, school, or office.

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3
Q

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A

A large geographic network that uses leased transmission services; the Internet is the largest WAN.

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4
Q

NIC (Network Interface Card)

A

Hardware that connects a device to a network and contains a unique MAC address.

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5
Q

Switch

A

A device that connects devices within a LAN using MAC addresses and forms a star topology.

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6
Q

Router

A

A device that connects different networks and forwards packets using IP addresses.

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7
Q

Repeater

A

A device that regenerates signals to extend transmission distance.

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8
Q

WAP (Wireless Access Point)

A

A device that provides wireless connectivity to a wired network.

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9
Q

NAT (Network Address Translation)

A

Translates private IP addresses to a public IP so multiple devices can share one Internet connection.

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10
Q

Firewall

A

A security system that filters network traffic to block unauthorized access.

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11
Q

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

A

Automatically assigns IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server.

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12
Q

DNS (Domain Name System)

A

Translates domain names into IP addresses.

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13
Q

Gateway

A

A device that connects one network to another, typically the router.

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14
Q

Residential Gateway

A

A home device that combines router, switch, wireless access, NAT, DHCP, and firewall functions.

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15
Q

Bandwidth

A

The number of bits transmitted per second.

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16
Q

Kbps

A

Kilobits per second.

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17
Q

Mbps

A

Megabits per second.

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18
Q

Gbps

A

Gigabits per second.

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19
Q

Bit (b)

A

The smallest unit of data (0 or 1).

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20
Q

Byte (B)

A

A unit of data equal to 8 bits.

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21
Q

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

A

An encrypted tunnel over the public Internet that securely connects to a private network.

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22
Q

Peer-to-Peer Network

A

A network with no dedicated server where each computer shares resources.

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23
Q

Client-Server Network

A

A network with a dedicated server that centrally manages resources and users.

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24
Q

Client Software

A

Software that requests services from a server.

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25
Server Software
Software that provides services to clients.
26
ARPANET
The first network (1969) that evolved into today’s Internet.
27
Packet
A small unit of data sent across a network containing source IP, destination IP, data, and error-checking information.
28
Frame
A packet with added MAC addresses at the Data Link layer.
29
OSI Model
A 7-layer model that describes how data moves through a network.
30
Physical Layer
OSI layer responsible for transmitting raw bits over the medium.
31
Data Link Layer
OSI layer that adds MAC addresses and creates frames.
32
Network Layer
OSI layer responsible for logical addressing (IP) and routing.
33
Transport Layer
OSI layer responsible for end-to-end communication (TCP/UDP).
34
Session Layer
OSI layer that manages sessions between devices.
35
Presentation Layer
OSI layer that formats, encrypts, and compresses data.
36
Application Layer
OSI layer that provides network services to user applications.
37
TCP/IP Model
A 4-layer networking model used on modern networks.
38
TCP
A connection-oriented, reliable transport protocol with error checking.
39
UDP
A connectionless, faster transport protocol with no delivery guarantee.
40
IPv4
A 32-bit IP address written as four decimal numbers (0–255).
41
Private IPv4 Address
IP addresses in ranges 10.x.x.x, 172.16–31.x.x, or 192.168.x.x used inside private networks.
42
Public IP Address
An IP address used on the Internet.
43
IPv6
A 128-bit IP address written in hexadecimal, created due to IPv4 exhaustion.
44
MAC Address
A 12-digit hexadecimal hardware address assigned to a NIC for local network communication.
45
Protocol
A set of rules for communication between devices.
46
Unicast
One-to-one transmission.
47
Broadcast
One-to-all transmission.
48
Multicast
One-to-group transmission.
49
Data Collision
When two devices transmit at the same time and signals interfere.
50
Broadband
Transmission method where multiple signals are sent at the same time.
51
Baseband
Transmission method where one signal uses the entire bandwidth.
52
Intranet
A private internal network.
53
Extranet
A controlled external access network for clients or partners.
54
DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
An isolated network segment for public-facing services.
55
Bus Topology
A network layout using a single backbone cable.
56
Star Topology
A layout where devices connect to a central switch.
57
Tree Topology
A hierarchical network structure.
58
Hybrid Topology
A combination of multiple network topologies.
59
Workgroup
A peer-to-peer network with no centralized management.
60
Domain
A centrally managed network using Windows Server and ADDS.
61
ADDS (Active Directory Domain Services)
Microsoft’s implementation of LDAP for managing users and resources in a domain.
62
Twisted Pair (UTP)
Common Ethernet cable used in homes and offices.
63
Fiber Optic Cable
High-speed cable used for long distances and between buildings.
64
Simplex
Communication in one direction only.
65
Half-Duplex
Communication in both directions, but not simultaneously.
66
Full-Duplex
Communication in both directions simultaneously.
67
Logical Port
A software-based port number used by applications for communication (e.g., HTTP uses port 80).
68
FTP
Protocol used for file transfer.
69
HTTP
Protocol used for web communication.
70
DNS (Protocol)
Protocol used for domain name resolution.
71
DHCP (Protocol)
Protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses.
72
ARP
Protocol that maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.
73
SMTP
Protocol used to send email.
74
Ping
Command used to test network connectivity.
75
Ipconfig
Command used to display IP configuration.
76
Tracert
Command used to show the path packets take to a destination.
77
IEEE
Organization that sets networking standards like 802.3 (Ethernet) and 802.11 (WiFi).
78
ISO
Organization that created the OSI model.
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