What is the cardiovascular system?
The body system responsible for transporting blood oxygen nutrients and waste around the body.
It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
Name the three components of the cardiovascular system.
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Blood
Each component has a specific function in circulation.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
These chambers work together to pump blood throughout the body.
What is the role of the right side of the heart?
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
This process is essential for oxygenating the blood.
What is the role of the left side of the heart?
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
This ensures that all body tissues receive the oxygen they need.
What is the cardiac cycle?
The sequence of events in one complete heartbeat.
It includes phases of contraction and relaxation.
Name the three stages of the cardiac cycle.
- Atrial systole
- Ventricular systole
- Diastole
Each stage has distinct functions in blood flow.
What happens during atrial systole?
Atria contract and push blood into ventricles.
This stage prepares the ventricles for the next phase.
What happens during ventricular systole?
Ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart.
This is crucial for delivering blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.
What occurs during diastole?
The heart relaxes and fills with blood.
This phase is essential for maintaining adequate blood volume.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange: oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.
This process is vital for cellular respiration.
Where does gas exchange occur?
In the alveoli of the lungs.
Alveoli are specialized for efficient gas exchange.
What is diffusion?
Movement of gases from high concentration to low concentration.
This is the mechanism by which gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.
Why are alveoli efficient for gas exchange?
- Large surface area
- Thin walls
- Rich blood supply
These features maximize the efficiency of oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer.
Name the three types of muscle.
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Each type has distinct structures and functions.
Which muscle is voluntary?
Skeletal muscle.
This type of muscle is under conscious control.
Which muscle makes up the heart?
Cardiac muscle.
This muscle type is involuntary and specialized for continuous contraction.
Where is smooth muscle found?
Walls of organs such as the stomach and intestines.
It is responsible for involuntary movements within these organs.
What is muscle contraction?
When muscle fibres shorten to produce movement.
This is the fundamental action that enables movement.
What is isotonic contraction?
Muscle changes length while producing force.
This type of contraction is essential for movement.
What is isometric contraction?
Muscle produces force without changing length.
This type of contraction stabilizes joints.
Name the two types of isotonic contractions.
- Concentric
- Eccentric
These types describe how muscles change length during contraction.
What is concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens.
This occurs when lifting a weight.
What is eccentric contraction?
Muscle lengthens.
This occurs when lowering a weight.
