KIN 240 > Untitled Deck > Flashcards

Untitled Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

Dehydration etiology

A

2% of body weight lost in fluid

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2
Q

Exertional heat exhaustion etiology

A

result of inadequate fluid replacement - can’t sustain cardiac output

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3
Q

Exertional heat stroke etiology

A

breakdown of thermoregulatory mechanism

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4
Q

Pes Planus foot (flatfoot) etiology

A

assoc with excessive pronation, weak supportive structuures, and consistend high impact activity

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5
Q

Pes cavus (high arch) etiology

A

higher arch than normal - excessive supination. Accentuated high medial longitudinal arch, poor shock absorption

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6
Q

Plantar fasciitis etiology

A

simply means “pain in transverse arch and heel”. Increased tension and stress on fascia (during toe-off or running phase). May be caused by change from rigid footwear to flexible. Common with excessive pronation

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7
Q

Metatarsal Stress Fracture etiology

A

2nd MT most common (march fracture). can be caused by change in running pattern - increasing mileage, running hills, or running on harder surface

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8
Q

Great toe hyperextension (turf toe) etiology

A

hyperextension injury resutling in sprain of 1st MTP joint. can be acute or chronic

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9
Q

Apophysitis of calcaneus (sever’s disease) etiology

A

traction injury at apophysis of calcanues where achille’s attaches

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10
Q

Grade 3 Inversion Ankle Sprain etiology

A

extremely disabling, caused by significant force, may result in talocrural subluxation, causes damage to anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular ligament

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11
Q

Eversion Ankle Sprain etiology

A

damage to deltoid ligament and possible fracture to fibula or tibia

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12
Q

High Ankle etiology

A

injury to distal tibiofibular joint (anterior / posterior tibiofibular ligament). Method of injury - forced rotation often in dorsiflexion

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13
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy etiology

A

inflammatory condition involving tendon and sheath - causes fibrosis and scarring that can restrict tendon motion in sheath. tendon is overloaded due to consistent stress beyond internal resistance (yield point). Presents with graduel onsent and worsens with continued use

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14
Q

Achilles Tendon Rupture etiology

A

occurs with sudden stop and go, forceful dorsiflexion with knee moving into full extension. May have no precipating factors

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15
Q

Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin-Splints) etiology

A

pain in anterior portion of shin, caused by repetitive microtrauma, weak muscles, static foot structure, improper footwear, training errors, and biomechanics are greatest contributors

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16
Q

Stress Fracture of Tibia etiology

A

common overuse condition, often in those with structural and biomechanical insufficiencies. Can happen with changes in environment

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17
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade I etiology

A

severe blow from lateral side (valgus force)

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18
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade II etiology

A

severe blow from lateral side (valgus force)

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19
Q

Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade III etiology

A

severe blow from lateral side (valgus force)

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20
Q

Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain etiology

A

varus force from medial side, injury may also occur to cruciate ligs, iliotibial band, and menisucs

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21
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain etiology

A

“Non Con: athele decelerating from jump, ground contact creates axial force w knee near extension or valgus, produces anterior shear and internal rotation on tibia on femur Contact: limb specific external contact forces knee into valgus and tibia internal rotation w anterior shear. Indirect external contact dispalces athlete in a way that disrupts lower extremity mechanics females have more intrinsic sprains”

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22
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain etiology

A

at risk during 90 degrees of flexion, usually caused by falling on bent knee. Also caused dahsboard injury, when the flexed knee of a car driver hits the dashboard

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23
Q

Meniscal Lesions etiology

A

axial load, roation and valgus force. Can also occur w flexed knee with load or force through tibia into femur. Tear can occur in all directions and areas of meniscus

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24
Q

Osgood-Schaltter Disease etiology

A

Apophysists occuring at tibial tubercule - develops bondy callus which enlarges tubercule. Symptoms resolve with aging

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25
Forearm Fracture etiology
MOI fall on out stretched hand and direct blows
26
Colle's Fracture etiology
lower end of radius or ulna, MOI foosh forcing distal radius and ulna into posterior displacement. Reverse colle's fracture (smith fracture) is an anterior displacement of distal fragment
27
Wrist Sprains etiology
any forced movement
28
Dislocation / Subluxation of Lunate Bone etiology
forceful hyperextension or fall on outstretched hand
29
Scaphoid Fracture etiology
force on outsretched hand, compressing scaphoid between radius and 2nd row of carpal bones. Healing fails due to poor blood supply
30
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury etiology
twist or torque of wrist, ulnar deviation can increase injury. assoc with stain of ucl
31
deQuervain's Syndrome etiology
tendinopathy in thumb > extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus. constant wrist movement can irritate, common in those that train with barbell
32
Extensor Tendon Avulsion (mallet finger) etiology
caused by blow to tip of finger avulsing extensor tendon from insertion
33
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Rupture (Jersey Finger) etiology
rupture of flexor digitorum profundus tendon from insertion on distal phalanx. often occurs with ring finger when athlete grabs a jersey
34
Gamekeepers Thumb (Skier's thumb) etiology
sprain of ulnar collateral lig of MCP joint of thumb. Mecahnism is a forceful abducctino of proximal phalanx, combined with hyperextension
35
Dislocation of the Phalange etiology
hyperextension MOI, twisting or sideflexing
36
Dehydration s + s
thirst, dizziness, dry mouth, irritability, excessive fatigue, cramps
37
Exertional heat exhaustion s + s
profuse sweating, pale skin, elevated temp, dizziness, nauseau, vomiting, hyperventilation, cramps, loss of coord, heat cramps, faint/dizzy, core temp of under 105 F
38
Exertional heat stroke s + s
sudden collapse, loss of consciousness, CNS dysfunction, flushed hot skin, minimal sweating, shallow breathing, strong rapid pulse, core temp of over 105F
39
Pes Planus foot (flatfoot) s + s
pain and weakness in medail longitudinal arch, flattening of medial longitudanl arch, bulging navicular
40
Pes cavus (high arch) s + s
heavy callus on ball and heel of foot, lower leg pain
41
Plantar fasciitis s + s
pain in anterior medial heel, pain in the morning (first steps of the day). pain with dorsiflexion and toe extension
42
Metatarsal Stress Fracture s + s
dull ache during weigth bearing, progressing to pain aat rest. progesses from diffuse to localized pain
43
Great toe hyperextension (turf toe) s + s
pain and swelling, worse during push off in walking, running, jumping
44
Apophysitis of calcaneus (sever's disease) s + s
common in minors. pain occurs at posterior heel below achilles attacthement - can be mistaken for plantar fasciitis
45
Grade 1 Inversion Ankle Sprain s + s
mild pain and disability, weight bearing minimally impaired. point tenderness over ligaments
46
Grade 2 Inversion Ankle Sprain s + s
feel / hear pop or snap, moderate pain w difficult bearing weight, tenderness with palpation, edema is present
47
Grade 3 Inversion Ankle Sprain s + s
severe pain, swelling, discoloration, unable to bear weight
48
Eversion Ankle Sprain s + s
severe pain, swelling, discoloration, unable to bear weight, pain is medial, potential for lateral malleoli pain (fracture)
49
High Ankle s + s
severe pain and loss of function, multiple ranges of motion cause symptoms, pain with weight bearing and dorsiflexion
50
Achilles Tendinopathy s + s
Generalized pain and stiffness, palpable pain proximal to calcaneal insertion. Pain worse in morning until tissue warms up, then increases in soreness after activity. Crepitus with plantarflexion and dorsiflexion. Chronic inflammation may lead to thickening
51
Achilles Tendon Rupture s + s
Sudden snap with immediate pain, which rapidly subsides. Point tenderness, swelling, discoloration, decreased ROM. Obvious identation. Positive Thompson test (squeeze test)
52
Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin-Splints) s + s
"four grades of sumptom presentation - pain after actvity - pain before and after, not affecting performance - pain before, during, and after - pain so severe performance is impossible Last 3 are high risk of tibial stress fracture"
53
Stress Fracture of Tibia s + s
pain more intense after exercise than before, progessing to pain at rest. Point tenderness, multiple structures painful to palpate, difficult to discern bone and soft-tissue pain.
54
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade I s + s
little fiber tearing / stretching, stable valgus test, littel swelling, good ROM
55
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade II s + s
complete tear of deep capsular ligament and partial tear of superficial MCL. Laxity at 30 degress of flexion, slight swelling, pain in medial knee
56
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade III s + s
complete loss of medial lig stability, moderate swelling, immediate pain then aching and throbbing, loss of motion due to swelling and hamstring guarding, posittive valgus test at all ranges
57
Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain s + s
paint over LCL, swlling, joint laxity with varus testing
58
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain s + s
experience a pop with severe pain and disabilitty. positive anterior drawer and lachmans sign. rapid swelling at joint line
59
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain s + s
pop in knee, posterior. Tenderness and swelling in popliteal fossa, laxity w posterior sag test
60
Meniscal Lesions s + s
swelling over 2-3 days, intracapsular. Joint line pain. Intermittent locking and giving way, pain with squatting below 90. Portions can become detaching and lock the joint, needs immedaite surgery
61
Osgood-Schaltter Disease s + s
pain with kneeling, jumping, running. Point tenderness, tighetning of qudriceps
62
Forearm Fracture s + s
audible pop or crack, moderate to severe pain, swelling, disability, edema and ecchymosis with possible crepitus
63
Colle's Fracture s + s
visible dinner fork deformity, can be misdiagnosed as a bad sprain, include median nerve damage
64
Wrist Sprains s + s
pain, swelling, difficulty with movement
65
Dislocation / Subluxation of Lunate Bone s + s
pain, swelling, difficulty with wrist flexion
66
Scaphoid Fracture s + s
swelling and severe pain in anatomical snuff box, presents like wrist sprain, pain w radial flexion
67
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury s + s
pain along ulnar side of wrist, possible clicking, pain with ulnar deviation. injury may not be reported immediately
68
deQuervain's Syndrome s + s
aching pain, radiate into hand or forearm, positive finkelsteins test, point tenderness and weakness in thumb extensions and abduction
69
Extensor Tendon Avulsion (mallet finger) s + s
pain at DIP joint, unable to extend distal end of finger, point tenderness
70
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Rupture (Jersey Finger) s + s
DIP can't flex, finger stays extended. pain and point tenderness over distal phalanx
71
Gamekeepers Thumb (Skier's thumb) s + s
pain over UCL, weak and painful pinch
72
Dislocation of the Phalange s + s
pain and swelling over PIP, obvious deformity, disability, possiblity for open fracture
73
Dehydration management
move to cool environment and rehydrate
74
Exertional heat exhaustion management
fluid ingestion, move to cool environment, remove excess clothing. continue to monitor vitals, only return to play once FULLY rehydrated (best to be lceared by physician)
75
Exertional heat stroke management
URGENT - remove clothing, sponge with cool water, use ice packs, go to hospital ASAP
76
Pes Planus foot (flatfoot) management
if it isn't causing symptoms, no need to intervene. Othertocis may help to support medial longitudanl arch by recuding strain on muscles and plantar fascia. Taping of arch can also help. Also, strengthen posterior lower leg and intrinsic muscles of foot
77
Pes cavus (high arch) management
no need to intervene if no symptoms, otherwise orthotics can help with force absorption. Release achilles/gastroc complex and plantar fascia
78
Plantar fasciitis management
conservative treatement - alter activity patterns and intensities. Soft orthotic with deep heel cut. Simple arch taping to recude stress (short term). Achilles stretching and excersis that increase toe extenion and dorsiflexion ROM
79
Metatarsal Stress Fracture management
needs medical imaging, partial weight bearing until asymptomatic at rest. Needs initial immobilization until weight-bearing without pain. Graqduallt return to running, but pay attention to biomechanics during return. consider changing footwear!
80
Great toe hyperextension (turf toe) management
increase rigidity of forefoot region of shoe - tape toe to prevent dorsi flexion. promote rest until pain free
81
Apophysitis of calcaneus (sever's disease) management
go to physician - heel lift may relieve stress, soft tissue restrictions
82
Grade 1 Inversion Ankle Sprain management
POLICE one to two days, limited weight bearing initially , then progress rehabilitation. Tape or bracing for support. Can return to activity in 7-21 days
83
Grade 2 Inversion Ankle Sprain management
POLICE for first 72 hours, use crutches until able to bear pain weight free, early ROM exercises, taping or brace can provide support, thorough rehabilition is essential
84
Grade 3 Inversion Ankle Sprain management
POLICE, immobilized for 4-6 weeks, non-weight bearing until pain decreases, traditional rehab exercises progress as tolerated, surgery may be needed to stabilize ankle
85
Eversion Ankle Sprain management
same treatement as inversion sprain, grade 2 or higher presents with considerable instability
86
High Ankle management
difficult to treat, many month recovery. Treat like other sprains, immobilization and rehab for longer. Maybe needs surgery
87
Achilles Tendinopathy management
need to reduce stress on tendon and address structural faults. use of NSAIDS beneficial. strengthening must progress SLOW to not aggravate tendon. Eccentric and isometric strenghtneing optimal for increasing strength of tendon
88
Achilles Tendon Rupture management
surgical repair for serious
89
version Ankle Sprain management
same treatement as inversion sprain, grade 2 or higher presents with considerable instability
90
Achilles Tendon Rupture management
surgical repair for serious injuries, non-operative treatement may be an option. Rhab lasts about 6 months, needs lots of IST members
91
Tibial Stress Syndrome (Shin-Splints) management
physician referall for x-rays and bone scan. activity modification, correction of abnormal biomechanics. therapy to reduce symptoms, arch taping or orthotics. Requires involvement of whole IST
92
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade I management
POLICE for 24, converntional rehab (accelerate rehab to avoid atrophy)
93
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade II management
POLICE for 2-3 days, use crutch during acture pahse. Brace prior to ROM and loading activities. Progress from isometrics (qud) to closed kinetic chain exercises
94
Medial Collateral Ligament Sprain Grade III management
POLICE till acute symptoms resolve, limited ROM with brace for 3-5 weeks. Non-weight bearing to partial weight bearing as soon as possible, then increase in ROM. After 3-5 wks rehab same as grade I
95
Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain management
POLICE, conventional rehab
96
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain management
POLICE, use crutches. maybe needs MRI. Surgery can involve joint reconcstruction with graft (can use hamstring, pat tendon, or cadaver achilles). Needs at least a year of rehab. Needs complete IST
97
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Sprain management
POLICE, rehab improve quad strength, nonoperative conservative mangement is best. Dynamic stability across knee is v helpful
98
Meniscal Lesions management
surgery can preserve meniscus, sometimes get full healing. Menisectomy rehab allwos partial weight bearing and quick return around 4 weeks. Repaired meniscus needs immobilization, gradual retunr
99
Osgood-Schaltter Disease management
reduce stressful activity, use ice, improve quad flexibility and mobility. Soft tissue realse, static strecthing.
100
Forearm Fracture management
splinting and first aid until appropriate care is available. Long term splinting, followed by rehabilitiation plan
101
Colle's Fracture management
acute mangement, splint wrist, refer to physician, x-ray, immobilize, severe sprains treated as fractures, children may get a lower epiphyseal separation
102
Wrist Sprains management
need xray maybe, POLICE, active rehab, tape for support
103
Dislocation / Subluxation of Lunate Bone management
refer to physician if needed, can lead to hypermobile lunate or unstable scapho-lunate complex
104
Scaphoid Fracture management
splinted, xray, immobilization for 6 weeks, wrist needs protection against impact loading for 2+ months, unstable fractures thrugh scaphoid need surgical stabilization - can risk avascular necrosis
105
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury management
physician for inital management, immobilization for 4 weeks. maybe needs surgical intervention, prevent painful loading or ROM, tape
106
deQuervain's Syndrome management
immobilication, rest, cryotherapy, manual therapy at site of pain to reduce excessive fibrosis
107
Extensor Tendon Avulsion (mallet finger) management
POLICE and 24/7 splinting for 6-8 weeks
108
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Rupture (Jersey Finger) management
sirgically repaired, extensive rehab required, unable to return to full function
109
Gamekeepers Thumb (Skier's thumb) management
physician, maybe need referral to orthopaedic surgeon, thumb splint for 3 weeks, thumb spica should be used
KIN 240
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