Urban forms

Question 1

Urban form

Answer 1

physical layout and design of the city
* includes shape, size, density of population, configuration of settlements

Question 2

Urban morphology

Answer 2

spatial structure + organisation of an urban area

Question 3

Physical factors that affect the shape of the city

Answer 3

1. Relief of the land- flat= good for roads + railways
2. Rivers- transportation for industries
3. Drainage Patterns

Question 4

Modern day urban morphology

Answer 4

• humans have been able to overcome urban physical factors
• urban form is now influenced by human factors
• main factor that influences land use today is land value

Question 5

2 main urban models

Answer 5

1. Burgess concentric zone model
2. Hoyt’s sector model

Question 6

Burgess concentric zone model

Answer 6

1. CBD is at the centre (inner core)
2. Factories (traditional) are the second ring
3. Low class residential (old inner city area) are the third ring
4. Medium class residential (inter war period) the fourth ring
5. High class residential (modern suburbs)- the outer ring
   * the city grows outwards beginning in the middle at the CBD
   * zone of transition is where the industry and poorer quality housing can be found - new immigrants usually live in this zone
   * 3rd ring occupied by modest houses for blue collar workers, where the fourth is more spacious for middle class families
   * 5th zone is the commuter zone, usually white collar workers who commute to the centre
   - developed for American cities and has limited application elsewhere
   - preindustrial cities (Europe) didnt follow - the city centre was much more important for most in terms of social status of residents**

Question 7

Hoyt’s sector model

Answer 7

1. CBD (city centre)
2. …
   * city develops in sectors, not rings
   * areas are attractive for different activities
   * as city grows, activities expand in a wedge from centre
   * once district of high-class housing is established, most expensive houses are built on outer edge of district, away from centre
   * industry and retailling develop in other sectors, as well as low class and middle class residential sectors
   * industry is located along major rail lines and roads
   * e.g Chicago- the city of which Hoyt model is based on
   -

Question 8

PLVI