What forms settlements?
Settlements are formed when large groups of people living together in geographical proximity to each other enjoy similar socio-economic benefits.
What are rural settlements?
Rural settlements are settlements in which people are engaged mostly in primary occupations, with relatively small population.
What are urban settlements?
Urban settlements are settlements in which people are engaged in secondary and tertiary occupations and enjoy better socio-economic amenities.
What is urbanisation?
Urbanization is the process of moving and relocating people from villages to cities/towns.
What are the causes of Urbanisation
The causes of urbanization are:
1. Better living standards - Fewer opportunities for human development in rural areas. The industrial revolution created many job opportunities.
- Choice employment - Urban areas offer a greater range of job opportunities
- Better civic amenities - The quality of education is better in cities and there are more schools/colleges. Hospitals and healthcare facilities are better.
What is the positive impact of urbanization?
- Number of job openings increases as more people are available for work
- Demand for transport services increases. People need to travel to deliver products hence leading to the development of transportation.
- Infrastructural services such as communication are developed.
- Educational institutions increase as there are more students. Quality of education also improves.
- The quality of health care improves with the availability of many hospitals
- Social and cultural unity as people from different places and cultures live together.
What are some of the negative impacts of urbanization
- Cost of accommodation increases. Since people can’t afford expensive houses they live in slums.
- Pollution due to the increase in the number of vehicles
- Entire population lives in a small place leading to congestion
- Many people go for the same job and some are left unemployed.
- The cost of living is high because there is a demand
- Pollution, long work hours, and bad eating habits can lead to poor health
- Water and sanitation problems
- Crime rate goes up due to unemployment and poverty.
What are satellite cities?
Satellite cities are small urban areas located near large cities. They are planned cities and follow the bedroom community pattern. This means people can work in the main city and stay in the satellite cities.
Give a few examples of satellite cities
Mumbai - Navi mumbai, Thane, Uran
Delhi - Noida, Sonepat, Ghaziabad
Kolkata - Salt Lake City, Kolkata riverside
Hyderabad - HITEC city
Bengaluru - Yelahanka, Kengiri
Why are satellite cities important?
They help manage the growing population in urban areas. They are self-sustaining and independent cities designed to provide a balance between their resources and population
What are the factors considered while creating a satellite city?
Economic condition, social group, security, affordable housing, electricity, water supplies, and road connectivity.
What are smart cities?
A smart city is an urban area with basic infrastructure, sustainable economic development, and advanced technologies that provide a good quality of life to its citizens. Their main focus is the balance of city life with nature. The government of India has selected 60 cities to be developed as smart cities.
