urban area
a built up environment with a high population density, government sector jobs
rural area
country environment which typically has a low population density, agriculture and mining.
population density
the number of people living in an area divided by the land area in square kilometres.
urban growth
increase in the number of people living in urban areas
as a result of:
- rural to urban/ urbanisation
- natural increase( the number of births exceed the number of deaths)
- international migration
impacts of human and physical factors on the rate of urban growth in a place
- climate- the temperature and rainfall
- topography the terrain, soil productivity and rivers etc.
- transport, the access to ports and rail or road networks
- the availability of services and infrastructure
- economic activity- the tech
- demographics- the age, sex, and gender of the population
population pyramids
illustrates and indicates the age and sex structure of a population
purpose and indication of a population pyramid.
- indicates the state of demographic transition, less or more developed countries
- helps in demographic and economic planning
- info on the birth rate the death rate the life expectancy male femal migraiton and working a dependent populaiton.
expansive population pyramid
shows a population that is young and growing with a short age cohort
stationary/ near stationary population pyramid
shows populations that aren’t growing, usually developed nations
constrictive population pyramid
shows an elderly and shrinking population and inverted shape usually a developed country with good facilities and healthcare.
urbanisation
the movement of people from rural to urban, the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.
push factors influencing urbanisation.
- limited employment opportunities or the mechanisation of agriculture
- environmental degradation
- lack of social service access
- inadequate infrastructure
- limited cultural and recreational activities
- conflict and instability
- poor housing conditions
- limited access to technology
pull factors influencing urbanisation.
- diverse market jobs
- better living conditionas
- advanced healthcare and education
- well developed infrastructure
- vibrant cultural scene
- perceived as safe and stable
- diverse housing options
- centres of innovation
rural vs urban
rapid rates of urbanisation usually occur in developing countries where:
- high mortality so more people moving and entering the workforce
- change from rural outputs to a focus in economic prosperity.
megacity
a city with a population exceeding or of 10 million.
migration
the movement of people form one place to another, taking up residence.
emigration
when someone leaves the country
immigration
when someone enters a country
why people migrate
- economic migration- work opportunities
- social migration- quality of life, closer to friends and family
political- moving to escape conflict/ persecution - enviro - natural disasters.
who migrates
- settlers- permanent movement
- contract workers- accepted for a short period of time to complete a job
- professionals- business trips, migrate for a few years
- undocumented workers- illegal immigrants
- refugees and asylum seekers- fleeing for a better life and permanent relocation.
