urinalysis

Question 1

barrel shaped crystals

Answer 1

uric acid

Question 2

coffin-lid shaped crystals

Answer 2

triple phosphate stones

Question 3

envelope shaped crystals

Answer 3

calcium oxalate stones

Question 4

hexagonal shaped crystals

Answer 4

cystine stones

Question 5

what is the MC type of crystal seen in urine?

Answer 5

envelope shaped crystals = calcium oxalate stones

Question 6

fatty cast

Answer 6

nephrotic syndrome

increase glomerular permiability –> loss of protein from the plasma in urine

Question 7

ketones in the urine

Answer 7

Diabetic ketoacidosis
starvation
inadequate carbs

Question 8

(3) causes for protein in the urine

Answer 8

1. UTI
2. glomerulonephritis
3. nephritic syndrome

Question 9

ddx btw nephritic vs. nephrotic syndrome when doing a urinalysis

Answer 9

nephritic: proteinuria & hematuria
nephrotic: only proteinuria

Question 10

green urine (3)

Answer 10

1. bilary duct obstruction
2. pseudomonas infection
3. poor protein digestion

Question 11

blue urine (3)

Answer 11

1. diuretic therapy
2. pseudomonas infection
3. poor protein digestion

Question 12

brown urine

Answer 12

bile pigments or blood

1. biliary duct onstruction
2. occult blood
3. homogentisic acid

Question 13

black urine

Answer 13

homogentisic acid or urobilin

1. ochronosis
2. hemolysis
3. bacteria

Question 14

increase specific gravity (3)

WNL: 1.01-1.03

Answer 14

1. bact
2. DM
3. Kidney abnormalities

Question 15

proteinuria

Answer 15

1. kidney disorder
2. toxemia of pre
3. DM
4. multiple myeloma

Question 16

epithelial cast

Answer 16

tubular damages

Question 17

WBC cast

Answer 17

pyelonephritis