How should you start a urinalysis?
- introduce self
- check name & DOB
- explain procedure
- gain consent
- wash hands
How should a urine sample be collected for urinalysis?
- midstream urine collection
- preventing contamination (clean skin, not touching inside bottle)
- fresh sample (<2 hours)
What safety checks should be performed prior to performing urinalysis?
- wash hands
- don apron & gloves
- check label on sample bottle
- check expiry date on test strips
What should you look for on inspection of the urine sample?
- colour
- clarity
- odour
How should you perform a urinalysis?
- dip stick in urine
- wait 2 seconds
- remove
- tap of excess urine
How do you interpret the results of a urinalysis?
- hold dipstick correctly
- check results at appropriate time intervals
- comment on positive and negative findings
How do you end the urinalysis?
- summarise and explain findings
- dispose of clinical waste
- wash hands
- record results
- thank patient
How should you explain this procedure?
“a simple test involving looking at a sample of your urine and testing it with a dipstick
to see if there are any abnormal substances in it”
What may abnormal colour be indicative of?
- dehydration
- jaundice
- haematuria
- pseudomonas infection
- diet (beetroot/asparagus)
What may abnormal clarity be indicative of?
- infection
- proteinuria
- renal stones
What may abnormal odour be indicative of?
- DKA
- DM
- Infection
- Old sample
What is glucose in the sample indicative of?
DM
What is bloodin the sample indicative of?
- Menstrual blood
- trauma
- nephritic syndrome
- uteric stones/infection
What is leukocytes in the sample indicative of?
- UTI
- Nephritic syndrome
What is proteins in the sample indicative of?
- nephrotic syndrome
- renovascular disease
- pre-eclampsia
- myeloma
- prolonged vertical posture
What is nitrates in the sample indicative of?
- UTI
What is ketones in the sample indicative of?
- DKA
- pregnancy
- starvation
- phenylketonuria
What is bilirubin in the sample indicative of?
- intra-hepatic jaundice
- post hepatic jaundice
What is specific gravity indicative of?
solute concentration
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Cardiovascular examination52
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Abdominal examination14
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Neurological examination - upper limb28
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Rectal examination18
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Blood pressure13
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Peak flow meter5
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Inhaler technique9
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Urinalysis19
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Body mass index7
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REMS - Knee1
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REMS - Hip0
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REMS - Ankle0
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Neurological examination - lower limb0
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Respiratory examination29
