Urinalysis

Question 1

Full Urinalysis with Multi-stick procedure

Answer 1

1. Have the obtained urine sample ready and gather equipment and check all for expiration date
2. Perform hand hygiene
3. Apply gloves
4. Observe urine sample for colour, clarity and heck odour
5. Check the expiry date of reagent strips
6. Remove one strip without touching the reagent pads, recap bottle immediately
7. Take cap off of urine sample and lay appropriately on the surface; maintaining clean technique
8. Completely immerse all reagent areas on the stick into the urine. Dip briefly and remove immediately to avoid dissolving out reagents
9. Run edge of strip against rim of urine container to remove excess urine. Making sure that it does not run down the outside of the sample container
10. Note the time
11. Hold strip horizontally and match test areas with the colour blocks on bottle label with accurate timing
12. Note the results of the individual coloured blocks at the appropriate time
13. Re-cap urine sample appropriately
14. Dispose of reagent strip and gloves appropriately
15. Perform hand hygiene
16. Document your results and analyse

Question 2

Reagent strip labels from the bottom to the top

Answer 2

GLUCOSE

KETONES

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

BLOOD

pH

PROTEIN

NITRITES

LEUCOCYTES

Question 3

Glucose

Answer 3

Presence may indicate

• Renal disease
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Cushing’s Syndrome
• Part of stress response after trauma or surgery
• Acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Ketones

Answer 4

Presence always abnormal

May indicate uncontrolled diabetes, fasting

Question 5

Specific Gravity

Answer 5

(Range 1.000-1.030)

A measure of the kidney concentrating/diluting power

Where persistently low may indicate renal abnormality, high fluid intake

High may indicate dehydration –> check fluid intake

Question 6

Blood

Answer 6

Presence may indicate

• Serious renal disease
• Urological disease and/or UTI
• Menstruation

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

Strongly acidic <4 may indicate uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, dehydration, renal disease

Alkaline >8 may indicate stale urine, UTI

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

Persistent presence of protein may indicate renal disease, UTI, hypertension, Pre-eclampsia, CCF, vascular disease

Question 9

Nitrites

Answer 9

Never normally present

Presence indicates gram -ve UTI –> follow up with urine culture

Question 10

Leucocytes

Answer 10

Presence suggests UTI –> follow up with urine culture, non-infectious renal disease