Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
- infection of any part of the urinary system
- typically starts in the urethra and can progress through the system (urethra, bladder, ureters, kidneys)
causes and risk factors for UTIs
- catheterization
- intercourse
- women at higher risk b/c of shorter urethra
- benign prostatic hypertrophy (PH)
- Incontinence
- Incomplete bladder emptying
- Poor fluid intake
- Poor nutrition
signs and symptoms for UTI
- burning/frequency
- in elderly, delirium and confusion are common
Acute renal failure
- sudden
- blood flow to the kidneys is severely impaired
- may lead to chronic renal failure
treatment for cystitis
- encourage fluids
- antibiotics
cystitis
bladder infection caused by bacteria
treatment for cystitis
- encourage fluids
- antibiotics
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the kidney pelvis, most commonly caused by an infection
signs & symptoms of pyelonephritis
in addition to symptoms of cystitis:
- cloudy urine
- may contain pus, mucus, and blood
- chills, fever, back pain
- nausea & vomiting
signs & symptoms of pyelonephritis
in addition to symptoms of cystitis:
- cloudy urine
- may contain pus, mucus, and blood
- chills, fever, back pain
- nausea & vomiting
signs and symptoms of enlarged prostate
- a weak urine stream
- frequent voiding of small amounts of urine
- urgency and leaking or dribbling urine
- nocturia
- urinary retention
treatment of enlarged prostate
- medications to shrink or stop prostate growth
- laser treatments
treatment of enlarged prostate
- medications to shrink or stop prostate growth
- laser treatments
care for patient with urinary retention
- have patient stand to void (if possible)
- stay hydrated
- voiding schedule
- bladder scanning
- may have Foley catheter inserted if unable to empty bladder - Foley care
care for patient with urinary retention
- have patient stand to void (if possible)
- stay hydrated
- voiding schedule
- bladder scanning
- may have Foley catheter inserted if unable to empty bladder - Foley care
urinary diversion: urostomy
surgically created pathway for urine to leave the body
urinary diversion: urostomy
surgically created pathway for urine to leave the body
risk factors for kidney stones (renal calculi)
- white men over 40
- bedrest
- high sodium diet
- immobility
- poor fluid intake
kidney stones: signs & symptoms
- severe cramping in the back and side just below the ribs
- pain in abdomen, thigh, urethra
- nausea & vomiting
- fever & chills
- dysuria
- urinary frequency
- burning
- hematuria
- cloudy urine
- foul-smelling urine
kidney stones: treatment
- pain meds
- drinking 2-3 L of luid/day
- straining urine
- diet changes
kidney stones: prevention
- depends on type of stone
- lemon and lime juice will break up stones when they first start to form
- avoid calcium supplements (for calcium oxanate stones)
- limit sodium intake
acute renal failure: causes
- severe injury or bleeding
- heart attack
- heart failure
- burns infection
- severe allergic reactions
chronic kidney failure
kidneys cannot meet body’s demands
nephrons in the kidneys are destroyed over many years
-signs & symptoms appear when 75% of kidney function is lost
causes of chronic kidney failure
- diabetes
- hypertension
- UTIs
- tumors
- infection
