urinary system

Question 1

what are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

• production, storage, excretion of urine
• homeostasis regulation of blood

Question 2

how does the urinary system regulate hemostasis of blood?

Answer 2

• regulating blood volume & pressure
• regulating plasma ion concentrations
• stabilizing blood ph
• conserving nutrients
• regulating red blood cell production (erythropoiesis)

Question 3

retroperitoneal means

Answer 3

behind the membrane (peritoneum) that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 4

what organ is retroperitoneal?

Answer 4

kidney

Question 5

collecting system of kidney consists of?

Answer 5

minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

Question 6

what is a renal calculi or calculus

Answer 6

kidney stone

Question 7

renal calculi can get up to ____ mm

Answer 7

4

Question 8

calcium oxalate stones are caused by?

Answer 8

• dehydration
• low urine output
• high Na diet
• high oxalate intake
• high protein intake

Question 9

Which type of renal calculi (kidney stone) is most preventable?

Answer 9

calcium oxalate stones

Question 10

struvite (infection) stones caused by?

Answer 10

• urinary tract infection
• urease-producing bacteria

Question 11

which type of stone is more likely in female? why>

Answer 11

struvite stones - come from UTIs which are more common in women

Question 12

calcium oxalate stones make up what % of all stones?

Answer 12

60-80%

Question 13

stuvite stones make up what % of all stones?

Answer 13

5-7%

Question 14

what is the glomerulus?

Answer 14

ball-shaped capillary bed

Question 15

the nephron (intact corpuscle) of the kidney consists of?

Answer 15

• distal convoluted tubule
• nephron loop
• proximal convoluted tubules
• renal corpuscle

Question 16

the (transected corpuscle) Nephron consists of?

Answer 16

• proximal convoluted tubule
• glomerulus
• glomerular capsule
• distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

function unit of the kidney is?

Answer 17

nephron

Question 18

the renal corpuscle consists of?

Answer 18

• glomerular (“bowmans) capsul
• glomerulus

Question 19

podocytes

Answer 19

create filtration slits in renal corpuscle

Question 20

what are the key processes urine formation?

Answer 20

• glomerular filtration
• tubular reabsorption
• tubular secretion

Question 21

what is glomerular filtration?

Answer 21

the movement of substances from the blood within the glomerulus into the capsular space

Question 22

what is tubular reabsporption?

Answer 22

the movement of substances from the tubular fluid back into the blood

Question 23

what is tubular secretion?

Answer 23

the movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid

Question 24

what path does urine leave the body

Answer 24

ureters -> bladder -> urethra -> gone

Question 25

urinary bladder function

Answer 25

urine storage & elimination

Question 26

the internal urethral sphincter is...

Answer 26

smooth muscle involuntary

Question 27

external urethral sphincter is....

Answer 27

skeletal muscle voluntary

Question 28

what is the exit tube

Answer 28

urethra

Question 29

what is the renal lobe?

Answer 29

one renal pyramid with surrounding cortical tissue

Question 30

numbers 1-4

Answer 30

1. kidney 2. ureter 3. urinary bladder 4. urethra

Question 31

numbers 1-4

Answer 31

1. minor calyx 2. major calyx 3. renal pelvis 4. ureter

Question 32

1-2

Answer 32

1. renal calculi 2. renal calculus

Question 33

1-5

Answer 33

1. renal artery 2. segmental artery 3. interLOBAR artery 4. arcuate artery 5. interLOBULAR

Question 34

6-8

Answer 34

6. afferent arteriole 7. glomerulus 8. efferent arteriole

Question 35

9-14 (Blue vessels)

Answer 35

9. peritubular capillaries 10. vasa recta 11. interlobular vein 12. arcuate vein 13. interlobar vein 14. renal vein

Question 36

1-2

Answer 36

1. nephron (intact corpuscle) 2. nephron (transected corpuscle)

Question 37

1-5

Answer 37

1. distal convoluted tubule 2. collecting duct 3. renal corpuscle 4. proximal convoluted tubule 5. nephron loop (loop of Henle)

Question 38

1-3

Answer 38

1. renal coruscle 2. glomerular (bowmans) capsule 3. glomerulus

Question 39

1-5

Answer 39

1. efferent arteriole 2. afferent arteriole 3. bowmans capsule 4. glomeerular capillary 5. podocytes

Question 40

Answer 40

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 41

1-3

Answer 41

1. nephron loop 2. descending limb 3. ascending limb

Question 42

Answer 42

distal convoluted tubule

Question 43

Answer 43

collecting duct

Question 44

1-6

Answer 44

1. efferent arteriole 2. peritubular capillaries 3. interlobular vein 4. interlobular artery 5. afferent arteriole 6. peritubular capillaries (vasa recta)

Question 45

1-4

Answer 45

1. detrusor muscle 2. internal urethral sphincter 3. external urethral sphincter 4. urethra

Question 46

5-6

Answer 46

5. transitional epithelium 6. detrusor muscle

Question 47

1-3

Answer 47

1. prostatic urethra 2. membranous urethra 3. spongy urethra