1
Q
Urinary system consists of
A
- kidneys
- ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
2
Q
Functions of Urinary System
A
- removes metabolic waste and retain nurtrients
- regulates blood volume and BP
- regulates concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, etc.
- helps stabilize blood pH
3
Q
Kidneys
A
- 2 kidneys on each side of spine between T12 & L3, left kidney superior
- stabalize in place by surround CT
- redish brown, 10 cm long, 5.5. cm wide, 3 cm thick, 150g
4
Q
Kidneys external layers
A
surrounded by 3 tissue layers
* renal capsule-fibrous (innermost)
* adipose capsule-perirenal fat
* renal fascia (outermost)
5
Q
Kidney structure
A
- each kidney has a smooth anterior and posterior surface covered by a fibrous capsule. On the medial margin of each kidney is the hilum of kidney, which is a deep vertical slit through which renal vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and leave the kidney
- internally, the hilum is continuous with the renal sinus. Each kidney consists of a outer renal cortex & inner renal medulla. Renal cortex is a continous band pale tissue surrounds renal medulla. Extensions of renal columns project into inner aspect of kidney, dividing renal medulla into renal pyramids.
6
Q
Renal vasculature & blood flow through nerphrons
A
- a single large renal artery, a lateral branch of the abdominal aorta supplies each kidney
- renal artery–> segmental artery–> arcurate artery–> interlobular artery
7
Q
Ureters
A
- muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
- at 3 points along their course the ureters are contricted
1. 1st point @ureteropelvic junction
2. 2nd point is where ureters cross the common iliac vessels
3. 3rd point is where the ureters enter the wall of the bladder - kidney stones can become lodges at these constrictions
8
Q
Bladder
A
- is the most anterior element of the pelvic viscera. Although it is entirely situated in the pelvic cavity when empty, it expands superiorly into abdominal cavity when full.
- shaped like a 3-sided pyramid that has tipped over to lie on one of its margins
- it had an apex, a base, a superior surface, and 2 inferolateral surfaces
9
Q
Neck of bladder
A
- surrounds origin of the urethra at point where 2 inferolateral surfaces and the base intersect
- most inferior part of the bladder & most fixed part. it is anchored into position by a pair of tough fibromuscular bands which connect the neck & pelvic part of urethra to posterioinferior aspect of each pubic bone
10
Q
Bladder in women
A
fibromusclar bands (pubovesical ligament), the perineal membrane & assoicated muscles, the levator ani muscles, & the pubic bones, help to support the bladder
11
Q
bladder in men
A
fibromuscular bands (puboprostatic ligament), the perineal membrane & associated muscles, the levator ani muscles, & the pubic bones, help support the bladder
12
Q
Urethra
A
- in the pelvic cavity it begins at the neck of the bladder & ends with an external opening in the perineum. The path taken by the urethra differ significantly in women and men
13
Q
Urethra in men
A
- long about 20 cm
- beginning at the base of bladder and passing inferiorly through the prostate, it passess through deep perineal pouch & perineal membrane & enters the root of penis, sequentially entering body of the penis
- divided into
preprostatic
prostatic
membranous
spongy part
14
Q
Urethra in women
A
- short, 4cm long
- passes through deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane before opening in the vestibule that lies between the labia minora
- opening is anterior to vaginal opening in the vestibule. inferior aspect of urethra is bound to anterior surface of vagina. 2 small paraurthral mucous glands (skene’s glands) are associated with lower end of urethra. Each drains via a duct that opens onto lateral margin of external urethral orifice.
