what are the two main functions of the urinary system
Remove waste products
from the body in the
form of urine
Maintain water balance
in the body
what are the urinary system organs
Adrenal Glands
Kidneys
Renal Vessels
2 Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Urinary meatus
Sphincter
pelvic floor muscles
what are renal vessels
- Supply blood to and from kidneys
- Renal artery supplies blood to the
kidney - Renal vein supplies blood from the
kidney to the heart
what are adrenal glands
*Help regulate the amount of
urine produced
*Sit on top of the kidneys
what are the ureters
*Tubes from kidney to bladder
*Urine moves via peristalsis
what is the urinary bladder
*Collection container
*Muscular, hollow organ
*Urge to void when bladder has
approximately 250mL of urine
what is the urethra and the urinary meatus
Urethra:
- Tube from bladder that leads outside of body
- Men urethra is 8long
- Female urethra is 1.2 long
Urinary Meatus:
- Opening at very end of urethra
what are the kidneys
- Bilateral bean shaped organ
- Location: posterior, protected by lower edge of rib
cage
what are the nephron parts
- Renal corpuscle and renal tubule
- Renal corpuscle – Bowman capsule and glumerus
- Renal tubule – proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle (desending and ascending limbs), distal convoluted tubule and the
collecting duct
what happens in the nephron
*Basic filtering units of a kidney
*Responsible for separating nutrients and minerals in blood from toxins and
waste products
*Each nephron has its own blood supply, including two capillary regions
what is the glomerulus
- A knot of capillaries located
in the Bowman’s capsule - Blood moves through
capillaries of the glomerulus
and some of it is filtered out
into the Bowman’s capsule
what are the 3 main steps os the nephron
- Glomerular Filtration- 1st step in producing urine- water/soluble from blood plasms goes into
capillaries into glumeral capsule - Tubular Reabsorption – as it goes through tubules 99% are reabsorbed- returns back to blood.
- Tubular Secretion – as it goes through collecting ducts, wastes, drugs, excess ions etc. and gets rid
of it in urine
what are some abnormal characteristics of urine
cloudy, red, dark yellow, strong odour
possible changes in the urinary system with aging
Decreased blood supply to kidneys
* Less volume to be filtered = less urine produced
Atrophy of kidneys
* Less efficient filtrating once a certain point is reached
Decreased kidney function
* Usually less urine
* Changed urine chemistry
what are the effects of immobility with urinary system
Urinary stasis (pooling)
* may cause
– stone formation (calculi) from
minerals in urine
– UTI
* prevention
– increase fluid intake
– exercises
– reposition frequently
– natural position for voiding
-incomplete emptying of bladder
-urinary incontinence
what are the types of incontinence
- Stress incontinence
- Urge incontinence
- Overflow incontinence
- Functional Incontinence
- Reflex incontinence
what are the effects of incontinence
- physiological – skin
breakdown - safety & security – increased
falls - love & belonging – loss of
intimacy - self-esteem – embarrassment
about odours - self-actualization – may
affect spirituality if
“angry” at deity
ways to minimize incontinence
regular toileting
causes of uti
- poor medical asepsis
– improper technique with
pericare by client or HCSW - decreased fluid intake
- incomplete bladder emptying
- microbes introduced into GU
system
how do you care for a person with uti
- increase fluid intake
- eliminate causes
- treat S&S
- DIPPS/Maslow – dignity, self-
esteem, safety - antibiotics as ordered
– nurse will give, or may
delegate to HCA in some settings
