urinary system

Question 1

azot/o-

Answer 1

R/CF: nitrogen

Question 2

cyst/o-

Answer 2

R/CF: urinary bladder

Question 3

glomerul/o-

Answer 3

R/CF: glomerulus

Question 4

nephr/o-

Answer 4

R/CF: kidney

Question 5

pyel/o-

Answer 5

R/CF: renal pelvis

Question 6

ren/o-

Answer 6

R/CF: kidney

Question 7

ur/o-

Answer 7

R/CF: urinary tract, urine

Question 8

ureter/o-

Answer 8

R/CF: ureter

Question 9

urethr/o-

Answer 9

R/CF: urethra

Question 11

what are the nitrogenous wastes that the kidneys filter from blood?

Answer 11

• ammonia
• urea
• uric acid
• creatinine

Question 12

what are the nitrogenous wastes broken down from?

Answer 12

• ammonia: amino acids
• urea: proteins
• uric acid: nucleic acids
• creatinine: creatine phosphate

Question 13

fx: kidneys

Answer 13

• vitamin D synthesis
• prod. erythropoietin
• regulate blood volume, BP, blood concentration of solutes

Question 14

loc: kidneys

Answer 14

retroperitoneal (behind parietal peritoneum).
- extend fr. T11 - L3.

Question 15

when the abdominal organs have been pushed aside, what specific membrane must be pierced to acess the kidney?

Answer 15

parietal peritoneum

Question 16

structure: kidneys

Answer 16

• 3 layers:
  
  • renal capsule
  • renal cortex
  • renal medulla

Question 17

what is a nephron?

Answer 17

• produce urine

Question 18

blood flow to a nephron

Answer 18

renal artery –> smaller arteries –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> peritbular capillaries –> venules –> larger veins –> renal vein

Question 19

what is the 3 step process for filtration?

Answer 19

1. filtration
2. reabsorption
3. secretion

Question 20

filtration step

Answer 20

• b/w glomerulus and glomerular capsucle
• thin capillary walls of glomreulus filters molecules

Question 21

reabsorption step

Answer 21

• 100% of glucose, amino acids, and vari. of mineral salts are actively transported from tubules to capillaries
• 99% of water filtered into glomerular capsule is reabsorbed by osmosis into the bloodstream

Question 22

secretion step

Answer 22

• nephron removes remaining waste
• materials move fr. peritubular capillaries –> tubules

Question 23

respiratory acidosis

Answer 23

respiratory system can eliminate suffiecient CO2

Question 24

metabolic acidosis

Answer 24

decreased kidney elimination of H ions or an increased prod. of acidic subsrtances through metabolism

Question 25

what system fix the imbalance during acidosis?

Answer 25

- respiratory: + hyperventilation - excretory: + secretion of excess H ions - restore normal blood pH.

Question 26

the body is ___ to ___ water

Answer 26

50 - 75%

Question 27

65% of water is in: the other 35% is in:

Answer 27

- cytoplasm of cells - tissue fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, humors, bile, serous fluid

Question 28

what solute is very important in the regulation of urine volume?

Answer 28

sodium & potassium

Question 29

what three hormones regulate urine production?

Answer 29

- ADH - aldosterone - ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)

Question 30

ADH

Question 31

aldosterone

Question 32

ANH

Answer 32

- atrial natriuretic hormone -

Question 33

list three diuretics and their impact.

Answer 33

- alcohol: inhibit ADH (lead to dehydration and thirst) - caffeine: + blood flow to kidney --> + glomerular filtration rate; - Na reabsorbed - diuretic drugs: inhibit active transport of Na

Question 34

fx: ureters

Answer 34

carry urine from renal pelvis --> bladder

Question 35

fx: urnary bladder

Answer 35

stores urine until its release

Question 36

fx: urethra

Answer 36

carries urine fr. bladder to the outside

Question 37

micturition

Answer 37

passing of urine

Question 38

fx: excretory system

Answer 38

- remove metabolic wastes - maintain body fluid & electrolyte - maintain acid-base balance - regulate BP

Question 39

cystitis

Answer 39

inflammation of urnary bladder

Question 40

hydronephrosis

Answer 40

buildup of urine in the kidney

Question 41

kidney stone

Answer 41

calcium or uric acid form stones in renal pelvis

Question 42

BUN

Answer 42

- blood urea nitrogen - clear nitrogenous waste from blood

Question 43

azotemia

Answer 43

renal insufficiency

Question 44

uremia

Question 45

when does the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin?

Answer 45

- Na in blood is too low - hypotension - K in blood is too high