What are the main functions of the urinary system?
Maintain homeostasis, filter blood, eliminate waste via urine, regulate pH, electrolytes, blood pressure, and reabsorb essential substances.
The urinary system plays a crucial role in maintaining the body’s internal environment.
Where are the kidneys located?
In the lumbar region, one on each side of the spine.
This position helps protect the kidneys from physical trauma.
What protects the kidneys?
The renal capsule.
The renal capsule is a tough layer that provides structural support.
What are the three main internal parts of the kidney?
Renal cortex, medulla, renal pelvis.
Each part has distinct functions related to filtration and urine production.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The nephron.
Nephrons are essential for filtering blood and producing urine.
What are the two main parts of a nephron?
Glomerulus and renal tubule.
These components work together to filter blood and reabsorb necessary substances.
What happens at the glomerulus?
Blood is filtered and filtrate enters Bowman’s capsule.
This is the first step in urine formation.
What happens in the renal tubule?
Water, glucose, and electrolytes are reabsorbed.
Reabsorption is crucial for maintaining the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance.
What do the ureters do?
Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Ureters are muscular tubes that facilitate the movement of urine.
What does the bladder do?
Stores urine until urination.
What is the function of the urethra?
Carries urine out of the body (also semen in males).
What are the three steps of urine formation?
1) Glomerular filtration 2) Tubular reabsorption 3) Tubular secretion.
How much plasma is filtered by the kidneys daily?
Approximately 180 L.
How much urine is produced daily?
About 1.5 L.
What percentage of filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?
About 98%.
What is the normal composition of urine?
95% water, 5% dissolved substances (urea, uric acid, creatinine, trace minerals, carbs, enzymes, vitamins).
What is the normal pH range of urine?
Between 4 and 6.
What diet makes urine more acidic?
High-protein diet.
What diet makes urine more alkaline
Vegetable-rich diet
Which substances in urine may indicate disease if present?
White blood cells, red blood cells, glucose, albumin, microbes
