CPPS 302 > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

(23 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the kidney

A

-Filters metabolic products and toxins from blood, excreting them as urine
-Regulates the bodies fluid status, electrolytes and acid-base balance (Na, K, Ca, H and Cl)
-Humoral regulation of blood pressure and flow (as well as erythrogenesis, Ca metabolism)

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2
Q

Describe the organization of the urinary system

A
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3
Q

Describe the kidney

A
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4
Q

Describe renal vasculature

A
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5
Q

Describe the nephron

A
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6
Q

Describe the renal corpuscle

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7
Q

Describe the glomerular filtration barrier

A
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8
Q

Describe endothelial cells

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9
Q

Describe filtration slits

A
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10
Q

What are the determinants of filterability of solutes across glomerular filtration barrier

A
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11
Q

Describe glomerular filtration and the starling equation

A

Filtration rate exceeds other regions of the body due to:
-Greater starling forces (hydrostatic and colloid osmotic)
-Higher capillary permeability -> large fenestrations, 70-nm holes that provide no restriction to the movement of water and small solutes out of the lumen of the capillary

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12
Q

Explain filtration in other capillary beds and ultrafiltration

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13
Q

Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

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14
Q

What are the forces affecting ultrafiltration in the glomerulus

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15
Q

How does increased glomerular plasma flow increase filtration

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16
Q

Describe renal microvasculature

17
Q

How do afferent and efferent arterioles control GFR

18
Q

Explain the function of peritubular capillaries

Study These Flashcards
A

-Glomerular capillaries and efferent arteriole precede them
-Glomerular filtration concentrates the plasma proteins -> high oncotic pressure
-The resistance of the efferent arteriole -> low hydrostatic pressure
-Superficial glomeruli -> peritubular capillary network in the cortex
-Juxtamedullary glomeruli -> vasa recta
-They are responsible for taking up fluid from the interstitial space that the renal tubules reabsorb
-Also deliver oxygen and nutrients to the epithelial cells of the tubules

19
Q

What is the effect of a sudden increase in ECF volume on peritubular capillary fluid dynamics

20
Q

Explain autoregulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration

21
Q

How can GFR be measured

Study These Flashcards
A

If a substance:
-Is not synthesized, broken down, or accumulated by the kidney
-Is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the renal tubules
-Is freely filterable in the golumeruli

-Then the amount of X that appears in the urine per unit time is the same as the amount of X that the glomerulus filters per unit time

22
Q

How is the clearance of creatinine a useful index of glomerular filtration

Study These Flashcards
A

-UCr = urine creatinine concentration
-V = volume of urine per unit time
-PCr = plasma creatinine concentration

23
Q

What is the Cockcroft-Gault calculator for eGFR

CPPS 302
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