Urinary System Pathologies

Question 1

Anuria

Answer 1

absence of urine production

Question 2

Oliguria

Answer 2

very small amount of urine produced

Question 3

Polyuria

Answer 3

excessive urine production

Question 4

Nocturnal Enuresis

Answer 4

involuntary discharge of urine (bed-wetting)

Question 5

Dysuria

Answer 5

difficult or painful urination

Question 6

Cystitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the urinary bladder

Question 7

Urethritis

Answer 7

inflammation of the urethra

Question 8

Pyelonephritis

Answer 8

Kidney infection involving renal pelvis and tissue

Question 9

Pyuria

Answer 9

presence of white blood cells
(pus) in the urine

Question 10

Hematuria

Answer 10

blood or blood cells in urine

Question 11

Glycosuria

Answer 11

carbohydrates or sugars excreted in urine

Question 12

Proteinuria

Answer 12

presence of abnormal amount of protein

Question 13

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Answer 13

Infection in any part of the urinary system

Caused mainly by bacteria

Symptoms: painful/frequent urination, cloudy or
strong-smelling urine.

Risk factors: female anatomy, poor hygiene, weakened
immunity

May also cause fever, lower abdominal pain, or back pain

Question 14

Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 14

Condition causing large amounts of protein loss, edema, and low blood protein

Question 15

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 15

formation of kidney stones

Question 16

Polycystic Kidney Diseases

Answer 16

genetic disorder causing multiple kidney cysts, enlargement, high blood pressure, and impaired function

Question 17

Nephrosclerosis

Answer 17

hardening of kidney blood vessels from high blood pressure, reducing kidney function

Question 18

Hydronephrosis

Answer 18

swelling of a kidney due to urine buildup from obstruction or blockage

Question 19

Cystoscopy

Answer 19

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder

Question 20

Biopsy

Answer 20

removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination

Question 21

Urinalysis

Answer 21

Test of urine to detect disease or monitor kidney/urinary health.

Question 22

Hemodialysis (HD)

Answer 22

Artificial kidney machine that receives waste filled blood, filters it & returns it back to the body

Question 23

Lithotripsy

Answer 23

Uses shock waves directed toward the stone from outside the
body

Question 24

Nephroectomy

Answer 24

Surgical removal of a kidney due to damage or dysfunction

Question 25

Urinary Catheterization

Answer 25

Flexible tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder Drains urine for medical monitoring or treatment