Urine reference intervals

Question 1

phosphate

Answer 1

14-120mmol/24h

Question 2

protein

Answer 2

<150mg/24h

Question 3

protein creatinine ratio

Answer 3

<3mg/mmol

Question 4

sodium

Answer 4

100-250mmol/24h

Question 5

What does a reduced specific gravity indicate?

Answer 5

diabetes insipidus

Question 6

What is the name for increased blood in the urine called?

Answer 6

haematuria

Question 7

What does increased protein indicate?

Answer 7

nephrotic syndrome

Question 8

What does increased leukocyte esterase indicate?

Answer 8

UTI

Question 9

What does nitrates indicate?

Answer 9

Gram-ve UTI, e.g. E.coli

Question 10

What does increased ketones indicate? (2)

Answer 10

• Starvation

* DKA

Question 11

What does hyperglycaemia indicate?

Answer 11

Poorly controlled diabetes

Question 12

What does increased (conjugated) bilirubin indicate?

Answer 12

Billary tract obstruction

Question 13

What does increased urobilinogen indicate?

Answer 13

• Increased bilirubin turnover
• Malaria
• Haemolytic anaemia