Urine Tests

Question 1

Urine c & S

Answer 1

• confirms suspected UTI; number & type of bacteria

- midstream, 30ml, fridge or lab ASAP

Question 2

Urine osmolarity

• purpose
• technique
• high values indicate
• low values indicate

Answer 2

• measure concentration of urine & body’s H20 balance
• clean catch kit; 24 hr
• HF, dehydration, shock, glucose urine
• damage/failure kidneys, over fluid

Question 3

24 hr u tube protein

• purpose
• technique

Answer 3

• measures protein amount (albumin) released in 24 urine
• detects damage to kidney f*n
• outpatient lab -container given to place on ice

Question 4

GFR

Answer 4

• measures renal perfusion (how well kidneys/glomeruli filter waste from blood)
• 90-120ml/min & decreases c age

Question 5

PT VERSES PTT

Answer 5

• PT -prothrombin time measures how long takes blood to clot (bleeding problems)
• PTT: test to determine blood clotting & effects c heparin

Question 6

Blood test

Serum creatine

Answer 6

Best to determine renal f*n at glomerulus

• end product of muscle & protein metabolism
• how kidneys filter creatine
• norm value: 44-133 McMol/l

Question 7

Blood test

BUN

Answer 7

Identify presence of kidney / renal problems

-normal : 3.6-7.1 Mmol/l

Question 8

Blood test

Sodium (Na)

Answer 8

• main extra cellular electrolyte determining blood volume; renal failure
• normal 135-145 Mmol/l

Question 9

Blood test

K- potassium

Answer 9

Kidneys excrete majority of K

• 3.5-5 normal
• above can lead to muscle weakness & cardiac dysrythmias

Question 10

KUB

Answer 10

Kidney, ureter, bladder test

• radio graphic exam of abd & pelvis
• detects size, shape, position of kidney

Question 11

Cystography

Answer 11

Test c contrast material that’s instilled into bladder via cystoscope of catheter to visualize the bladder

Question 12

IVP

Answer 12

• visualization of kidneys
• IV injection of contrast material into S/L & radio graphic images
• require NPO status 8 hr b4
• iodine sensitivity
• increase fluids after to flush out contrast material

Question 13

Cystoscopy

Answer 13

• tubular lightened scope to inspect bladder
• local or general anaesthesia
• offer warm sitz baths, heat, analgesics

Question 14

Renal ultrasound

Answer 14

• small external ultrasound prob placed on pt skin (gel)
• passes sound waves into body structures & record images of tissues
• ID obstructions, mases, cysts

Question 15

Renal arteriography (angiography )

Answer 15

• helps visualize renal blood vessels

- contrast material into renal artery via catheter

Question 16

Renal

Biopsy

Answer 16

• obtain renal tissue for exam to determine type of renal disease or monitor it
• percutaneously through needle insertion into lower lobe kidney
• determine coagulation status, cross matching blood, VS before procedure

Question 17

Contrast medium interactions

Answer 17

• iodine sensitivity

- DM Pts

Question 18

Routine urinalysis

• what’s it purpose
• pt teaching

Answer 18

• looks at chemistry of urine: crystal cells, blood & signs of DM OR KIDNEY disease –>doesn’t look at Bacteria
• done at AM D/t large concentration; no contamination of urine (feces)