Urologic Imaging

Question 1

1. What does KUB stand for?
2. What kind of imaging and where?
3. Used to identify what?
4. Helps assess what in pediatric patients?
5. Advantage?

Answer 1

1. Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB)
2. Plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen
3. Used to identify stones
4. Helps to assess constipation in pediatric patients
5. Inexpensive

Question 2

IVP

1. X-ray done with intravenous contrast to look at the what? 3
2. Used for: ? 5

Answer 2

1. kidneys, ureters, and bladder

2.

• Abdominal injury
• Bladder and kidney infections
• Hematuria
• Flank pain
• Tumors

Question 3

1. IVP: risk?
2. Patient will void when? 2
3. A series of images will be taken at various time to look at what?
4. What has replaced traditional IVP?

Answer 3

1. Risk: Allergic reaction
2. Patient will void before and after the study
3. A series of images will be taken at various times to look at filtration
4. CT IVP has replaced traditional IVP

Question 4

Ultrasound options? 3

Answer 4

1. Renal
2. Scrotal
3. Prostate

Question 5

Renal ultrasound indications? 6

Answer 5

Renal

1. The size of the kidneys
2. Signs of injury to the kidneys
3. Abnormalities present at birth
4. Presence of blockage or kidney stones
5. Complications of a urinary tract infection
6. Cysts or tumors

Question 6

Scrotal Ultrasound indications?

5

Answer 6

Scrotal

1. Looks at the size of the testicles
2. To evaluate a mass or lump (cystic vs solid)
3. Find a reason for pain
4. Look at blood flow to the testicles
5. Look for the location of undescended testis

Question 7

Prostate Ultrasound: Trans-Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS)

Used for what?

5

Answer 7

1. Detect disorders within the prostate
2. Measure the prostate
3. Help diagnose the cause of a man’s infertility
4. Evaluate prostate nodules: Needle biopsies
5. Placement of needles for radiation

Question 8

VOIDING CYSTOURETHROGRAM (VCUG)

1. What is it?
2. Main indication for test?
3. Other indications for test? 3

Answer 8

1. An x-ray study of the bladder using fluoroscopy and contrast material
2. Used to check for vesicoureteral reflux after a UTI
3. Other reasons
   - Bladder obstruction
   - Abnormal urination with very high pressure within the bladder
   - Incomplete bladder emptying

Question 9

RETROGRADE URETHROGRAM (RUG)

1. More common in which pts?
2. Helps diagnose what?
3. Also used for? 3

Answer 9

1. More commonly in male patients
2. Helps diagnose urethral pathology from trauma or urethral strictures

3.

• Done for pre and post-op reconstruction of the urethra
• Can help identify urethral diverticulum and
• fistulas

Question 10

What is the gold standard to detect stones?

Answer 10

CT scan

Question 11

Renal Stone CT Scan

1. Contrast?
2. Detects what?
3. Gives what information about the stone? 3

Answer 11

1. No contrast dye is used
2. Detects all types of stones
3. Gives the exact
   - shape,
   - size, and
   - location of the stone

Question 12

Drawbacks of Renal Stone CT scan? 2

Answer 12

Drawbacks

• Radiation exposure
• cost

Question 13

IVP

1. Contrast?
2. Evaluates what? 3
3. Used for causes of what?
4. Identifies what better than CT without contrast?

Answer 13

IVP

1. Uses IV contrast dye
2. Evaluates the
   - collecting system,
   - ureters
   - bladder
3. Used for causes of hematuria
4. renal tumors

Question 14

CT SCAN IVP

Drawbacks? 4

Answer 14

1. Radiation exposure
2. Cost
3. Allergy to contrast dyes
4. Renal disease

Question 15

RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING: Renal Scan

1. Uses two different radiopharmaceutical?
2. Looks at what? 3
3. Used mainly by Urologist to evaluate what?

Answer 15

1.

• DTPA
• MAG3

2.

• blood supply,
• function, and
• excretion of urine from the kidney
  3. hydronephrosis

Question 16

Radionuclide Imaging: Renal Scan

1. Benefits? 2
2. Risk? 2

Answer 16

Renal Scan

1. Benefits
   - Provides information unattainable by other imaging
   - Helps with diagnosis and management
2. Risk
   - Low radiation exposure
   - Allergic reactions

Question 17

MRI: Prostate?

1. Used maninly for what?
2. Helps determine what?
3. Helps in planning what?

Answer 17

Prostate

1. Used mainly for prostate cancer
2. Helps determine extent of spread of the cancer
3. Helps in planning radiotherapy for prostate cancer