Urology

Question 1

Name some factors that can raise PSA levels.

Answer 1

Vigorous exercise
Digital rectal examination
Ejaculation
PSA testing can only be done after abstaining from these things for 48 hours.

Question 2

A patient has been suffering with an unresolving left varicoele for some months, what should you be concerned about? He later presents with macroscopic haematuria…

Answer 2

Underlying renal tract cancer can cause a left varicocoele.

Question 3

Is the cremasteric reflex normally present in a patient with testicular torsion?

Answer 3

Usually absent in torsion, however is preserved if the torsion only affects the testicular appendage and not the spermatic cord.