New England Colonies
Puritans and Pilgrims seeking religious freedom. Their economy, driven by geography, focused on fishing, shipbuilding, and trade, not large-scale farming.
The Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware known for their fertile farmland, diverse population, and religious tolerance. They served as a bridge between the strict New England colonies and the plantation South, with a mixed economy that combined agriculture, trade, and industry.
Southern Colonies
(Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia) were established primarily for financial gain, developing an economy centered on large-scale plantation agriculture and the use of enslaved labor
James town / 1607
Jamestown was founded as the first permanent English settlement in North America. It was a business venture financed by the Virginia Company of London with the goal of finding gold and a new trade route to Asia
The Headright system
was a colonial land grant program that essentially gave away land to attract settlers and workers to the English colonies, primarily in the South.
The plantation system
s a large-scale agricultural model used primarily in the Southern American colonies (and later, the Southern states) for growing cash crops like tobacco, rice, and later, cotton.
Indentured servants
were people, mostly poor Europeans, who agreed to work for a colonial landowner for a set number of years (usually four to seven) in exchange for free passage to North America, as well as basic food, clothing, and shelter once they arrived
John Winthrop
the principal founder and long-time governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for his vision of creating a model Puritan society
Salutary Neglect
an unofficial British policy in the 17th and 18th centuries where the government intentionally loosely enforced its own laws and trade regulations in the American colonies
Quakers
a religious group known for being different, peaceful, and highly tolerant of others at a time when most colonies were very strict and exclusive.
Shays Rebellion
an armed uprising by poor farmers in Massachusetts who were protesting high taxes and aggressive debt collection after the American Revolution
The Bill of Rights
is a list of guarantees that protect the fundamental freedoms and rights of individual American citizens from being taken away by the government. It ensures the government cannot become too powerful or tyrannical.
Alien Sedition Acts
were four controversial laws passed in 1798 that allowed the government to deport foreigners and made it illegal to criticize the government in print. They were designed to silence political dissent and weaken the opponents of President John Adams and his Federalist Party
The american revolution
the war for independence fought by thirteen British colonies in North America against Great Britain. It resulted in the creation of the United States of America as a new, self-governing nation
Washington Cabinet
a small group of trusted advisors he assembled to help him manage the new nation. The U.S. Constitution didn’t explicitly create a “cabinet,” but Washington established this group as a precedent for future presidents, creating the executive branch departments to tackle the complex challenges of governing a new country.
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was a street fight that got out of control, where British soldiers shot and killed five American colonists. It was a major event that fueled anger against the British and helped push the colonies toward the American Revolution
French and indian war
(1754-1763) was a major war for control of North America between Great Britain and France, along with their respective Native American allies
Declaratory Act
was essentially Great Britain asserting its absolute authority over the American colonies. It declared that the British Parliament had the power to make laws and impose taxes on the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”.
Magna Carta
was a document forced upon King John of England in 1215 that established a monumental principle: no one is above the law, not even the king.
Intolerable Acts
were a series of harsh laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 specifically to punish the colony of Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party and reassert British control
Rule of Law
Even the goverment officals must obey the law
federalist
supports a strong goverment
anti federalist
support a weak government
treaty of paris
gives colony a new nation
