USSO FINAL

Question 1

Rockefeller

Answer 1

• Major Gilded Age figure
• Specialized in industry of oil
• Standard Oil Company

Question 2

Vanderbilt

Answer 2

• Major Gilded Age figure
• Specialized in Transportation (railroads and steamships)

Question 3

Carnegie

Answer 3

• Major Gilded Age figure
• Specialized in industry of steel
• Carnegie Steel Corporation (largest steel manufacture)

Question 4

Andrew Johnson

Answer 4

• 17th president of the US
• Opposed radical republicans who passed reconstruction acts through veto
• 1st US president to be impeached

Question 5

Tecumseh

Answer 5

Shawnee leader that was against US expansion/white settlers taking over native land. Rallies native tribes to defend their homeland.

Question 6

John Adams

Answer 6

2nd President
1st VP
Responsible for the passing of the Alien and Sedition Act
Prevented an all out war with France after the XYZ affairs

Question 7

James Madison

Answer 7

• 4th President
• Helped write the federalist papers
• Secretary of State under Jefferson

-> Marbury vs. Madison which established the principle of Judicial Review and gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional

Question 8

Hartford Convention

Answer 8

Formed by Federalists (in New England) that greatly opposed the war and held a meeting called the Hartford Convention where they express their disagreements with this war and threatened to secede from the Union over this disagreement.

Significance: Led to the demise of the Federalist government

Question 9

Compromise of 1850

Answer 9

Admitted California to be a free state and allowed newly acquired territories (acquired through the treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo), like Utah and New Mexico, to decide if they wanted to be a slave state or not through the concept of “popular sovereignty”

Question 10

Manifest Destiny

Answer 10

The idea that GOD destined the US/white Americans to conquer the territories of North America from sea to shining sea.

• This philosophy was used to justify the forceful removal of Native Americans from their lands.

Question 11

Compromise 1820

Answer 11

• Missouri would enter as a slave state
• Maine would enter as a free state.
• Slavery would not be allowed north of the 36 30 parallel in the rest of the Lousiana Purchase.

Question 12

Compromise 1877

Answer 12

Formal end to reconstruction

• Democrats agreed to Rutherford Hayes being the winner and become the president .
• Republicans agreed to remove all federal troops from the South

Question 13

16th amendment

Answer 13

Allowed Congress to lay and collect income tax

Question 14

19th amendment

Answer 14

women have the right to vote

Question 15

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 15

AFTER RECONSTRUCTION: Enforced racial segregation and further limited Black citizens’ rights in the late 19th century to the mid-20th century.

Question 16

Black codes

Answer 16

Enacted right after the Civil War, it aimed to control formerly enslaved people (ex, literacy tests, grandfather clause, poll tax). With the 3/5 compromise gone and the introduction of the black codes, it gave southerners more power.

Question 17

Freedmen Bureau Act

Answer 17

An agency set up to help newly freed black (and impoverished whites) in the south people get on their feet and transition into society by providing clothing, medical care, and educational opportunities.

Question 18

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Answer 18

Protected the citizenship of black people and gave them equal protection under the law.

Question 19

Why did the Draft Riots happen

Answer 19

Low-wage workers (the majority of them being Irish) were upset because they believed Lincoln wanted them to enlist so they could free Black Men and black men could take their jobs or get better jobs. This racist projection led to the Draft Riots, which were a period of week-long rioting where they burned draft offices and engaged in violence towards people, particularly police officers and black people.

Question 20

Lousiana Purchase

Answer 20

Led to disputes on representation in the government, mainly surrounding who is and isn’t a slave state. This is a problem because if there are more non-slave states than slave states, there will be an imbalance of power, and policies, legislations, etc., would be blocked by that majority.

Question 21

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Answer 21

• US gets Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, and California
• Led to the idea of Manifest Destiny

Question 22

Kansas-Nebraska

Answer 22

Divided the territory above the 36 30 parallel into Kansas and Nebraska, and it would be up to them to determine whether they would allow slavery through popular sovereigntyl

Question 23

Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union (intially)

Answer 23

because if the South seceded it will show other states to secede because they disagree with something the government does. This would be bad because then states would turn into countries.

Question 24

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 24

States that slaves in states that are actively rebelling against the Confederacy are freed.

Question 25

Habeus Corpus

Answer 25

Due Process--entitled to go before a judge, plead your case, and let the court decide if you're guilty or innocent.

Question 26

"$300 men"

Answer 26

Lincoln places a draft but you can evade this draft by paying $300. So the rich didn't get to go, this caused those to call them the "$300 men"

Question 27

Why were the Irish threatened by free black people?

Answer 27

Since the majority (at the time) of the NYC immigrants were Irish due to the potato famine. When they came to NY, they were treated poorly: bad jobs and discriminated against.

Question 28

13th Ammendment

Answer 28

Ended the 3/5 compromise and abolished slavery. This was an important amendment because the Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order; the next president after Lincoln could've taken it away.

Question 29

14th Amendment

Answer 29

Establishes birthright citizenship and that anyone naturalized in the US is entitled to equal protection under the law

Question 30

15th amendment

Answer 30

guaranteed voting rights to all males regardless of race, color, or former slave status.

Question 31

French Rev. on the US

Answer 31

prompted a shift in political thought, fostering the growth of political factions and influencing American foreign policy.

Question 32

Paternalism

Answer 32

Restricting people's freedom or autonomy for what is believed to be their good

Question 33

Middle Passage

Answer 33

The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the US. It was one stage of the triangular trade that involved Europeans trading goods like guns, cotton cloth, and dishes with Africans in exchange for Slaves

Question 34

Gilded Age

Answer 34

An age roughly from the late 1860s to the early 1900s, marked by rapid industrialization and prominent economic inequalities

Question 35

Election of 1876

Answer 35

One cause was the end of Reconstruction. The election ended with the compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats allowed Hayes to become president on the condition that Republicans remove their federal troops from the South. --> No more federal protection for black Americans

Question 36

KKK

Answer 36

- originally a secret society that was made up of government officials and police - They were a racist, violent hate group - They believed that black people were inferior to white people, and through this, they used intimidation tactics towards black people. (especially to scare them from voting)

Question 37

Standardization

Answer 37

The process of making something conform to a standard

Question 38

Social darwinism

Answer 38

Incorrectly applies the concept of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest", onto humans to justify hierarchical structures (racism, classism, patriarchy)

Question 39

Laissez-Faire

Answer 39

Government would not regulate business (little to no involvement) - This would be one of the reasons behind the Panic of 1893

Question 40

Panic of 1983

Answer 40

The overbuilding of railroads and shady/corrupt bank practices led to an economic depression, affecting employment, banks, and businesses.

Question 41

Capitalist Society

Answer 41

"Make as much money as you can, and pay the employees as little as you can"

Question 42

Monopoly

Answer 42

A market structure where a single firm dominates an industry or sector. Carnegie, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller had monopolies on steel, railroads, and oil.

Question 43

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 43

Carnegie wrote this book, in which he expressed the idea that wealthy individuals have a moral responsibility to use their money for the greater good of society rather than hoarding it or passing it on to their heirs.

Question 44

Boss Tweed

Answer 44

Corrupt politician who ran Tammany Hall (a powerful political organization that dominated NYC politics), they fulfilled the needs that the NYC government wasn't fulfilling. - He would help immigrant families (mainly Irish because they were the predominant immigrant group) to settle, and in return, they would vote for whom Tweed would tell them to vote for.

Question 45

NAST

Answer 45

A German political cartoonist who hated Tweed and drew cartoons about his corruption. - Also known for bringing Santa Claus into America.

Question 46

FDIC

Answer 46

Money/insurance people would get money/insurance when banks go out of business. <-- this would be taken out due to the lack of money banks had as a result of the Panic of 1983

Question 47

16th amendment

Answer 47

Gave Congress the power to lay and collect income tax

Question 48

19th amendment

Answer 48

gave women the right to vote

Question 49

Prohibition

Answer 49

(1919-20 - 1932) Made it illegal to manufacture, produce, and sell alcohol. But you can still drink it.

Question 50

Upton Sinclair

Answer 50

(Muckraker) Wrote "The Jungle," which exposed the unsanitary conditions and exploitation of workers in the US meatpacking industry. This led to FDR passing the Pure Food and Drug Act

Question 51

Pure Food and Drug Act

Answer 51

Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs.

Question 52

Jacob Riis

Answer 52

(Muckraker) released a book, "How the Other Half Lives," containing photos that exposed the harsh living conditions in NYC slums and tenements.

Question 53

Ida Tarbel

Answer 53

(Muckraker) exposed the treatment Rockefeller imposed on his workers.

Question 54

Coxey's Army

Answer 54

Jacob Coxey (an Ohio businessman) led a group of unemployed men to Washington, D.C., demanding federal jobs and relief. (because of the bad job market due to the Panic of 1893)

Question 55

Consolidation

Answer 55

The act of bringing separate parts together and making them stronger.