what organism usually cause UTI?
E.coli
what are some reasons patient develops UTI? (7)
- bacteria
- obstruction ( tumour, stone, compressing urinary tract)
- foreign body ( indwelling cath, urethral stent, urinary calculi)
- Anatomical factors ( shorter urethra on female, fistulas, congenital)
- DM2 and HIV
- constipation
- Voiding dysfunctions
What is the therapy for uncomplicated UTI
- adequate fluid intake
- Antibiotic 1-3 day treatment regimen
- counselling about risk for recurrence and reduction of risk factor
what is the therapy of recurrent, uncomplicated UTI
- repeated urinalysis and consideration of need for urine culture and sensitivity testing
- Antibiotic: 3 to 5 day treatment regimen
- Consideration of 3 - 6 months trial of suppressive antibiotics
- adequate fluid intake
- Counselling about risk for recurrence and reduction of risk factors
- Imaging study of urinary tract in select cases
What are the signs and symptoms of upper UTI (6)
- flank pain
- Chills
- presence of fever
- vomiting
- fatigue
- All of lower urinary tract symptoms
What are the symptoms of lower urinary tract infection (8)
- dysuria
- frequent urination
- pain in urination
- urinary retention
- weak urinary stream
- Incontenence
- Nucturia
8, urgency
what is the example of upper UTI
pyeolonephritis
What are the 2 examples of lower UTI
- cyctitis
- Urethritis
what are the common medications to treat UTI
- Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole ( bactrim, Septra)
2. Pyridium (Phenazopyridine)
what is trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (Bactrim, Septra)
- treats uncomplicated UTI (1-3 day)
- inexpensive and take twice per day
- council about risk for recurrence and reduction of risk factor
Pyridium (Phenazopyridine)
This medication is used to relieve symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract such as pain, burning, and the feeling of needing to urinate urgently or frequently. This drug does not treat the cause of the urinary irritation, but it can help relieve the symptoms while other treatments take effect.
patient teaching for urinating
- empty bladder before and after intercourse
- Urinate regularly, q2-4h during the day
patient teaching about appropriate hygiene ( perineal region)
- Careful cleansing of perineal region
- Wiping from front to back after urinating
- Cleanse with soap and water after each BM
Patient teaching: Oral fluid intake
- maintain adequate fluid intake (33mL) per kg
What are things to avoid?
- Harsh soap, bubble baths, powder, and sprays in perineal area
patient teachings: signs of recurrent UTI
- report any cloudy urine, pain on urination, urgency and frequency.
what are some patient teachings for UTI
- Urinating
- appropriate hygiene (perineal region)
- Oral fluid intake
- tell patient about things to avoid
- Tell patient about signs of recurrent UTI
